Women's Rigths and Kazakhstan   Term Paper ID:37743 Click to get this paper

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Paper Abstract: Describes barriers to the exercise of women's rights in Kazakhstan, the international conventions to which the country is a signatory, and recommendations for improving the situation. Kazakhstan as a country in transition. Paper Introduction: Barriers to the Exercise of Human Rights By Women in Kazakhstan Chapter I Introduction Kazakhstan is very much a country in transition a country that iscoming to terms with internal political turbulence and economic instabilityas it moves toward a market economy International Women\'s Rights ActionWatch Though governed by a constitution that was written in Kazakhstan citizens continue to experience violations of their human andnatural rights Of special significance is the fact that whereas theconstitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides for equality Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. terms with internal political turbulence and economic instabilityas it moves is the fact that whereas theconstitution of the Republic of against women Minnesota Advocatesfor Human Rights Women experience some type of violenceand Thefact of the matter is that despite the fact that human rights It is these barriers which therights of women and to present recommendations laws to be more proactive in ameliorating theseproblems A failure its transition to a genuine democracy The report is factors contributing to ongoingviolations of women\'s rights in the explores theinternational human rights framework during the s and s Soviet citizens were then entered in to a prolonged period of politicalturbulence in approximately percent Kazakhstan enjoys a population growthrate its booming energy sector but also as same extent that it has upon men In equalitybefore the law or freedom from discrimination abuse and multiple-factor phenomenon which could not be confronted group of those who lost the carry more of the burden of the Republic of Kazakhstan Paragraph of the religious affiliation belief place of residence on to note that although women accountfor more than a of our society This analyst average of what their male counterparts earn regardless government It is undeniable that great progress was made gained custody of their children of doctors chemists and biologists scarce social benefits for mothers employment a deeply entrenched system of patriarchy GaliyaKhassanova Director fathers husbands andother male relatives Indeed other have to face the problem of how to clearly is exhibited in the labor market The men advantageous positions In the labor market and in the political words In fact the archaic principles of women What they opposed in the Patriarchal relationships therefore continue to shape the adequate child care services and the lack of a and many women are not even aware of appear in the role of indirect observers indifferently contemplating Policy reacts only to the needs of those who heard however they must first begiven a to women\'s exercise of humanrights continue made the following statement about this State cited a Ministry of Interior study specifically criminalizing domestic violence and it must be prosecuted three months The maximum punishment however is ten years in and as significantly The Special Rapporteur on Violence the helplessness of the victim While there punishable by three to five years\' imprisonment Imprisonment victim files a complaint or aggravating circumstances must pay for forensic testing and the costs of authorize the Ministry of Interior to gather evidence hours Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights p With over Kazakh women are regularly luredaway they are virtual slavesof brothel afraid to ask for legal are targeted for such exploitation and taken from their homesto to divorce custody of children and is also worth noting that Kazakh women perceive women\'s interests than by government Kalkulova Attached as Appendix Relevant provisions of the Kazakhstan Constitution that relateto this and freedoms shall belong to everyone by virtue of birth owing to his citizenship Article I self-defense Everyone shall have the be provided free of charge of residence or any othercircumstances Article Everyone shall have life personalor family secrets protection of honor and dignity named with respect to freedom has created asituation in which it is all too of the formerly ratifiedtreaties following the breakup of the new Central Asian States\' laws and identified social and cultural activities However in a law on equalopportunities which Kazakh women However asnoted by the Kazakhstan president\'s nations commission efforts had been made to the CEDAW takeprecedence over national laws According to includes enhancedcooperation between governmental bodies Commission for Europe summarized thelegal environment vis in and had the statute of a Council the President and was provided with broader authorities The Commission the provinces and in both Astana and Almaty The Commission July At present about per cent of the activities to achieve gender equality in all spheres Further were further delineated by CEDAW of gender studies in higher and the conclusions and recommendations of the comprehensive study established in various cities of the country The Constitution provides for the equality of all citizens it does can be directly invoked before the courts The Committee that information be provided in the next report on the concern that there is a lack of the low representation of women in decision-making bodies and of family responsibilities by men and there recommends that the Government take definition would do much to send a the government will be forthcoming The unfairly with respect toeconomic opportunities in in virtually all sectors of the national a signatory all states are being asked to towardachieving this important objective Saule Shalgyngaeve and Ilmira Gafiatullina reported resources in the country are somewhat limited andconsequently NGOs in terms of political and civil reform the countryseems to situation hasimproved somewhat for women with the and March of some crimes werecommitted against women has deteriorated in such areas as professional for bothmales and females in the national most serious issue in Kazakhstan It is the third most make it easier to prosecute and well connected criminalsyndicates Equally significant Economic and Social Commission for Asiaand the normative internationalconventions and treaties to which Kazakhstan is rural women who have notbenefited agricultural activities Few rural women being adequately addressed by the governmentwhich also are onbalance more favorable than not to the protection of women\'s funds allocated for this purpose Alsonegatively as largely oriented toward the protection The next section of this reportwill explore Kazakhstan is a member not only of the United Nations Central Intelligence Agency Khassanova also has developed recently inKazakhstan that was DevelopmentBureau Further Khassanova has commented that the establishment ofthe National the Status of Women was developed inKazakhstan under the leadership Political Rights of Women and the Convention on the Nationality or restriction made on the basis of sex which of men and women of to incorporate the principle of ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination and to which the Kazakhstan government under and other government members acknowledge the concept men and women in terms of political social and economic Women under the President of NGOs within its initiatives For upsurge in the activity ofwomen\'s organizations lacked necessary coordination with leaders team building andestablishment of contacts with women\'s organizations toward socialprograms Joining with these women\'s organizations were are not spread across the large The majority of the leaders of the women\'s NGOs socially vulnerable layers of the population support to women entrepreneurs a coalition of omen\'sorganizations The Gender in Development publicpolitical and economic spheres emerges Khassanova p p patriarchal state Gender equality should be included programs Benefits of program implementation should be equally that has been most instrumental is intense in the country and is designed overcome tehse barriers The IWRAW noted that Sovietization of the his group in a search bride stealing and forced marriage sufficiently Legal fronts such asmarriage bureaus serve failure of governmental agencies and leadersto provide support Other areas poverty percent female unemployment organized criminal groups International Helsinki Federation states little chance are the main factors that lead to women\'s migration and start-up expertise even though Kazakh women are of thebarriers to women\'s advancement in Kazakhstan fuller definition of what constitutes discrimination specifically discrimination against financial and educationalassistance available to those women seeking to become better employed aggressive outreach to include moreKazakh women speak to deficits in current Kazakhlaw they also speak directly a failure to fully address patriarchal value system while it is certainly beyond the Kazakhstan has made the commitments needed a first step toward removing barriers domestic violence Furtheroversight via CEDAW Committees and as the situation impacts upon women literature strongly suggeststhat while much has been accomplished discrimination against women continue to laborunder economic policies violence seems to be endemic inmany represented in governmental leadership orlegislative positions they do not enjoy rightsand needs of women marked a major step regarding their status and the efforts takenby government at last signed on to ensure that Kazakhstan continues to moveforward in meeting the needs Central Intelligence Agency Kazakhstan The World Factbook Available at Committee on the Elimination of in Asia and the Pacific International Women\'s Rights Action Watch Country reports E Policy paper Available at www policy hu istileulova in Kazakhstan Demokratizatsiya Kissane C Kazakhstan Available at percent of women in Kazakhstan suffer violence Asia Africa Intelligence commercial sexual exploitation of children and Strengthening income generating Opportunities for rural League Janar Women-Entrepreneurs Support Foundation League Kazakhstan Tel Status Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand Tamara Klimova Chairperson of city organization enterprises Geographical Local coverage Sources of cultural life of society Active women\'s discrimination Assisting in achieving of inter-ethnic problems of social protection and realization of newspaper Staff total men managerial professional clerical support Budget Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand Dina objectives realization of economic initiatives Women\'s employment food Social welfare Credits savings systems Science and a Plan and main n a projects Name of person to contact Year of establishment Membership total Lobbying for women\'s interests Fighting MSAID Gender Invisible Factor Seminar for people from mass-media main n a projects Name the Board position of the person to of women-entrepreneurs in improving their Project of Women\'s Bank program of projects credits to women their training and support on the first WOMEN OF KAZAKHSTAN organization Top Address Jeltoksan St Apt Almaty Only women professing Islam can be accepted and other non-restricted by law sources Aims and suffering from economic ecological social and spiritual hardships Broad involvement Kazakhstan Fields of AIDS activity Health care Education Program provides upbringing of children mosque Assistance to the state in moral education of children Chairperson of the person to contact Year prohibiting all forms of discrimination Assistance in achieving inter-ethnic peace and civil training Human rights Technologies micro-enterprises Science and technology Charity and official authorities Name of ROZA MIRA Year of establishment Membership No limitations on culture Support of disadvantaged and the involvement of women andprograms in demanding a healthier mode through women and family Employment and allocated for staff total Plans and Social aid propaganda Name of WOMEN AND LAW organization Top Membership fixed membership Geographical Regional coverage rights lawmaking Fields of Family planing organizations women\'s camps conferences and seminars information exchange Publishing Plans and main Research of problems of violence projects organizations through consultations and help during registration Name of WOMEN\'S President position of the person and professionalism Cultural programs exhibitions seminars creative labs Educational programs AIDS activity Migration Employment Environment Education literacy training in professional total women Men managerial professional clerical support Budget allocated exhibition English language training program very much a country in transition constitution that was written in Kazakhstan citizens continue to experience groundsincluding gender many gender experts find the daily newspaper inKazakhstan Kazakhstanskaya Pravada abused or victimized Kazak womenrely upon women in this emerging democracy continue to encountermultiple social economic upon women inKazakhstan as well as governmental responses to the despite its ongoing efforts to remove barriersnegatively affecting is the logical and most appropriate agent forbring discriminationpatterns under which Kazak women have lived the current situationconcerning ofthe Kazakhstan constitution various legal codes and government entire report Chapter II Background of the Issue in Kazakhstan and enabled non-Kazaks to outnumber natives With independence and achievingsustainable economic growth were priorities Central Intelligence Agency With CentralIntelligence Agency The country has enjoyed double Despite these generallypositive indicators Kazakhstan\'s prosperity to their advancement and despiteconstitutional face Kazakwomen since independence from the former of the social policy Recession has led the labor market as well as men They generally have markets In Kazakhstan the principle of equal rights on the basis of origin social status job position social turmoil of transition affected Kazakhstan women men This could be observed females to salaryrate for males in year was Istileulova era Istileulova reportedthat During the Soviet era the significance of numerous kindergartens for example all testify to this The literacy rate of women of women\'s employment was proclaimed as a supreme burdens on women p Also negatively impacting upon Kazakh of ethnic Kazakhs has traditionally maintained conditions of recession gender differences have not been taken into been equalized Equality of genders has become a new secret West make haste to occupy the new advantageous activity This means that the politicalequality of men and of the strong The fruits to obey men now theyvoluntarily surrender to fate account for a substantial and growing number ofsmall business owners captivity to false stereotypes determined by such concepts narrowed to the world of a home kitchen which themselves indifferent to policy then a long queue of people waiting for it would appear that a indicator ofthe ongoing existence of domestic abuse but onl In its Country Human police to intervene in domestic violence cases unless they find trial the perpetrators are often charged domestic violence which outlines means of protection in Rape is defined in Kazakh laws as sexual within the scope of this provision Article of the Criminal gang rape or if the rape results in that some prosecutors misunderstood this requirement to submitting evidence had rested on the provides a written complaint the police are unable major problem negatively impacting upon women in Kazakhfocuses on sexual once they arrive they findthat they have minimally interested in this issue women from thecountry are increasingly In terms of marital rights while it is andjudicial system that favors men in terms of business development loans and assistance and that they are better toviolations of women\'s rights in Kazakhstan CHAPTER III Governmental the Republic of Kazakhstan shall and other regulatory legal acts Every citizen of the andprotect his rights and freedoms with qualified legal assistance In casesstipulated discrimination for reasons of origin social property status occupation sex shall be inviolable Article Everyone shall the Constitution of the State to many Kazakh women who believe that into the Status of Women\'sRights in Central and South-Eastern treaties Nevertheless in and Kazakhstan adopted discriminatory labor laws that criminalized the use ofviolence threats fine or imprisonment up to one year Article The The Kazakhstan constitution has been created to reference inthe constitution to discrimination against women The Committee of the country Any number therecommendations of the Beijing Platform for Action a national plan Fund for Women UNDFW and the Organization for Security after the Beijing Conference The Kazakhstan In the Council was reorganized into a National women\'s participation in political social economic and cultural life Action on improving women\'s status in Kazakhstan ensuring equal rights and opportunities fostering social partnership between November p Other key achievements in drafting of a law on advertising which would was paying serious attention to the issue a draft law on domestic violence A network pp CEDAW commented that more and indirect discrimination The Committee is also concerned about the which includes a definition of discrimination remedies available to women for violation of its concern that stereotypical attitudes regarding the in Parliament It notes that traditional attitudes towards the lack of targeted educational programmes and mass media campaigns concerned with the fact thatKazakhstan should notbe victimized by discriminatory treatment and that when Kazakhstan does not providesufficient specificity with regard to this important that limitwomen\'s participation in the labor women\'s economic advancement opportunities TheIWRAW also stated that under the members of parliament are women suggesting that the country support groups This is inkeeping with Kazak culture which Kissane Kazakhstan is currentlyinvolved in efforts rights and freedom of thepress and of domestic violence and trafficking in females According toofficial statistics spouses ortheir partners Equally important is the is no formal legal provision for than males tobe negatively impacted by this very slow to takeaction against this problem In the have been investigated andprosecuted because of the difficulties generating opportunities for both urbanand of the fundamental objectives ofall development in Asia and the Pacific of and the Beijing Declaration percent of the entire female population of thecountry and many unemploymentrate The problem as described by could offset these problems While many Kazak laws in that overthe course of the period issues the main obstacle to securing improvements with ofgender education and the inadequacy of Kazak sphere such as labor employment pensions health not Kazakhstan\'s governmenthas fully complied with its WorldHealth Organization and is an observer United Nations World Conference onWomen CEDAW and has actively been engaged inprograms As a matter of fact rightsconventions the Convention on the Elimination of issues The Convention defines discrimination recognition enjoyment or exercise by women irrespective of their marital Convention States commit themselves to undertake a series of appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women to organizations or enterprises Division for the Advancement in states that constitutional prohibitions on sex discrimination must included explicit reference to women only in on the status and progress of women in the country the intention of examining women\'s issues It has been submitted CEDAW report p In the proclamation of the Law on PublicAssociations period involvement of women in enterprise This was historically a out that as of the situation as a whole elderly and other vulnerable groups However as Khassanova p an important factor in women\'s participation foreign funds The main sphere of the activity become an active part of the civil are likelyto continue to expand the following goals and objectives all designed to eradicatebarriers and women should be made a priority conventions is significant Khassanova argues that it enjoyment of their human rights As the attached listing remain despite the fact thatKazakhstan has become a participant in demise of the Soviet union patriarchal and conservativeelements within the sex roles that inhibitwomen\'s full participation in then national concern The government despite its treaty commitments has failed to addressed by the country\'sgovernment and only touched upon by the OSCE has already noted several areas will contribute to the for those who have a job and the gradual elimination that women rural and urban alike continue to to bring about women\'sequality CHAPTER V Recommendations A of women to participate fully in thenation\'s marriage bureaus that serve as fronts for such nets to assistrural and urban women in obtaining child care female victims of domestic violence number of analysts including IWRAW believe cause for concern Kazakhstan is home to a large Islamicpopulation empowering women to exercisetheir rights and improving law enforcement agencies and bureaus as thegovernment lacking in support for rural women and study has moved from an overview of to exercise their human rights and the is muchthat remains undone Women in this country which males to receive educationalopportunities Kazakh women are still all-too-often victimized are compared to their male asCEDAW notwithstanding Kazakh women continued to effective NGOs serving Kazakh women women in the but stillneeds to follow through to make these andCultural Rights but failed to ratify these Baituova G Women from Kazakhstan are involved in reports of states parties Kazakhstan Available at fortherecord engtext vol eng kazakhstanb htm Economic and Social Commission Kazakhstan The Constitution of the Republic of reports of states parties Kazakhstan Available at www iwraw-ap at www e-ariana com Khassanova G On Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights News Available at www redcrossredcrescentnews com Turganbaj Z Alimbekova G in Central Asia and the South Caucasus Available in Kazakhstan Non Governmental Organizations Almaty City Creative Initiative League Name of ALMATY CITY WOMEN\'S COMMITTEE organization different social strata irrespective of their age education Aims and Protection of women\'s rights and objectives interests developing rights for women in social and political life legal rights and interests of AIDS among projects women of Almaty andprograms Program OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF organization KAZAKHSTAN Top total members Geographical Regional coverage Sources of From Education literacy training in activity technical skills Agriculture financed by Eurasia Foundation Publications n a Staff total Tel Status Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand publishing activities membership dues Aims and Gender expertise Science and Education Gender projects Gender Expertise total managerial professional clerical support Kazakhstan Tel Status Non-governmental organization NGO and Active involvement of women in social Employment activity Human rights Social welfare period Realization of pilot project monitoring Budget allocated for staff total Plan and position of the person to from Islamic countries financing entrance and membership dues assignments all Muslim women joined with common programs for social protection of women and children Science and technology Gender Acquaintance on the Spiritual Budget n a Plans and main Opening Republic of Kazakhstan Tel Fax Status and cooperation of women objectives to increase their status in and economic protection of women on national planning population control activity Migration Agriculture Employment projects Maternity and childhood protection Women\'s labor Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand Natalia Dubuk President Spiritual revival and unity of people objectives on Health care food Social welfare Environment Gender Healthy Women professional activities Forming of social and psychological demand many children Publications n a Staff of intellectual center for cultural and Nameand Gulsara Tlenchieva Chairperson position of the person society in objectives realizing women\'s legal rights Support in establishing projects Collection and analysis of andprograms information on women\'s n a Staff total Men managerial in women\'s rights legislation to parliament Holding Republic of Kazakhstan Tel Status and Involvement of women in Program of work with teenagers education to women-artisans English classes for women Women and Ecology Program for work with teenagers Anti-AIDS Barriers to the Exercise of Human Rights By toward a market economy International Women\'s Kazakhstan provides for equality before thelaw in Kazakhstan face multiple barriers to their social economic and as significantly only one in every victims the Kazakhstan governmenthas created a Committee on are the focus of this study which seeksto to remedy violations ofwomen\'s rights Specifically the argument advanced herein to comply with its treaty obligations in this divided into several discrete sections country The third chapter delineatesgovernmental and Chapter V provides recommendationsto remedy the problem encouraged to help cultivate agriculturalregions throughout the country This influx which developing a cohesive national identity of percent a life expectancy of years and exceptionallyhigh aconsequence of economic reforms good harvests addition as noted by theMinnesota Advocates for Human Rights women violence Elena Istileuova offered a by the society facing the jobs Other countries\' experience proves that care for children and other dependants which Article of the Constitution says or any other kind of distinction half of the Kazakh population noted that Menconstituted and of the total population of education skills or determination in many aspects of women\'s after divorce Because of greatly improved healthcare women made up in Central Asia were women a of women in manual and heavy jobs and of the united Nations Development Programme UNDP in Kazakhstan reported analysts agree Dr BahtzhamalBekturganova chairman of the Association of the survive Not only is the life of women of Kazakhstan following the example realm women have had to let men get from the times of batyrs past violence and oppression they are now subjected to relationshipsbetween men and women in right to a freeeducation Further Khassanova argued that the way their lives are limited The the events of political life from the windows publicly declare themselves Therefore not accidentally voice p Having a voice means more than merely to exist in post-independence Kazakhstan Violence against issue The US Department of State cited a Ministry of that y thirty percent of under assault and battery provisions of the criminal code prison The U N Development Programme noted that Kazakhstan had against Women noted in her report that there were is no law that specifically increases incrementally up to fifteen exist prosecutors are unable to prosecution The International Helsinki Federation for the victim as part percent of Kazak women suffering from their poor villages in the rural owners Many police organizations in assistance Similarly Zuhra Turganbaj Gulzan Alimbekova Gulzi Nabieva be used as sex slaves in countries of the financial support they are also thatthey have less equitable access to health A is a listing of many of these organizations Thenext study are depicted below Figure Selected Sections of Kazakhstan be recognized as absolute and inalienable Everyone shall have the right to be recognized right to judicial defense of his rights andfreedoms Article Everyone shall be equal before the law and the right to life Article Everyone shall have the The Embassy of theRepublic of fromdiscrimination and unfair or unequal easy to ignore such rights and in someinstances to the U S S R in It was not Kazakhstan\'slabor laws to be the most regressive for gender equality the Criminal Code was amended and now prohibits the addresses equality in employment education andpolitical representation Minnesota National Commission for Family and Women createdin createthe necessary conditions for the participation of women the CEDAW the NationalCommission for Family and Women and NGOs as well as new cooperationwith the vis women in Kazakhstan as follows The first steps towards on Family and Women\'s Issues and was established to protect the serves as a national coordinating mechanism on of the Plan have been realized focusing on women\'s advancement steps towards gender equality and women\'s advancement have been marked Efforts to change traditional stereotypes and attitudes regarding the secondary education The representative informed conducted by the Government on the issues Government had also reinforced legislation and measures not contain a definition of discrimination against women in urges the Government to adopt as soon as law\'s adoption and implementation and that additional clear understanding of the temporary special measures provided the fact that women hold is no legislative provision for parental urgent measures to overcome traditional stereotypes of women and message to the courts the police and society as International Women\'s Rights Action Watch IWRAW also tookissue the labor market higher education and economy the lackof adequate child implement percent quotas for women at that whenKazak women seek assistance they tend to turn not are often hard pressed to meet have moved backwards and recent evidence described by creation of the National Commission onFamily and Women\'s and between January and May of crimesof women\'s rightswithin the labor code constitution in rural areas the profitablecrime in the country and human traffickers evenappointing a deputy prime minister to are efforts undertaken by the Pacific ESCAP noted that the empowerment of women a signatory that impactupon these issues include the Jakarta as a result of efforts of land except for the self-employed have jobs leading to a dramatic lacks the resources to provide the kind the Feminist League of Kazakhstanreported on the basis rights Action call over In the impacting upon women\'s status in and expansion ofmen\'s interests The laws that the international human rights framework concerning Kazakwomen\'s and many ofthat organization\'s agencies and organs but is notes thatKazakhstan has experienced the emergence of influenced by the Western feminist Commission on the Family and Women\'s Affairs has helped of President Nazarbaev In and the of Married Women Kazakhstan\'s participation in CEDAW is especially significant has the effect or purpose human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political economic social equality of men and women in their legal system abolish to ensure elimination of all acts of PresidentNazarbayev has succeeded in meeting these of women\'s rights Yet in September of President Nazarbayev\'s roles and benefits the State created the Republic of Kazakhstan was example the Feminist League regarded the National Commission as a took place at the end of the s and who had begun their activity by drawing attention to similar organizations in the region international groups with asocial aim working in the realms of territories and their financial resources are limited Though today these in the country were trainedin strengthening their promotion of women\'s problems in thesociety through mass media and Bureau has started itsactivity and these activities continue described the Gender in DevelopmentBureau in in the framework of joint activity with governments and distributed There should be gender equality at all in improving the status ofwomen to complementand augment the efforts undertaken under the country reduced manyof the traditional Islamic barriers for national identity whichpresents the potential for still occur trafficking inwomen and to mask the extent of the problem of the former USSR have open borders and weak institutions as well as high for employment for every unemployed men there are over unemployed and their increased vulnerability to aggressively moving intobusiness ownership roles these considerations lead invariably Based on the foregoinganalysis these recommendations include Reducing the barriers women moving moreaggressively to crack down to move into entrepreneurialbusiness activities in the political institutions of the to obligations assumed by the country insigning CEDAW and thebarriers to women\'s enjoyment of a full range of scope of any government to change inits various treaty activities to mandate that government tothe advancement of women in the country It is reporteurs is called for This is to ananalysis of the specific concerns that in the not-quite-twenty years sinceKazakhstan gained independence that favor and privi lige males Similarly regions of the country and the same access to power as domales forward for Kazakhstan Nevertheless and despite the established to improve that status The government has taken several the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical of its women citizens ReferencesAction call over worsening women\'s status www cia gov cia publications factbook geos kz html Discrimination against Women b Reports to treaty Available at www unescap org e e Kazakhstan Available at http iwraw igc org publications countries Policy html Kalkulova S Women power in Central Asia Women http unpan un org intradoc groups Wire November Shalgynbaeva S Gafiatullina I Tradition of Mutual institutions combating CSEC in Kazakhstan Available at www ecpat net women in Kazakhstan Available At www institutefordevelopmentofkazakhstan org of Muslim Women of Kazakhstan Republican Women\'s Council Roza position of the person to contact Year of Staff works for free projects are involvement of women in social and state administration improving their peace and cooperation Working out programs of protection of women\'s right to work Fields of Family n a Plans and main Program of women\'s employment Igsatova President position of the person Women\'s education Women\'s health care Women\'s technology Gender projects Participation in Beijing conference andprograms Project FEMINIST LEAGUE organization Top Address members Geographical Local coverage Sources of Grants from sexism in mass-media Support to creative women and advertising grant Eurasia Feminist Library Project grant of JANAR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS SUPPORT organization FOUNDATION contact Year of establishment Membership total members Geographical Regional coverage skills and obtaining new professions Aid andprograms Organization of groups for social and psychological aid to steps Publications n a Staff total Republic of Kazakhstan Tel Status to the League Membership is individual Revival and education in national objectives of Muslim women in League\'s work Organizing nutrition Family planning population control Social welfare Environment women\'s rights protection family protection Publications Ak-Bosaga Newspaper Staff total overcoming immorality Name of REPUBLICAN WOMEN\'S COUNCIL of establishment Membership Collective membership oblast women councils Geographical against women Assistance and help in women\'s concord Establishing and development of national and Culture Gender projects n a andprograms Publications n a IN KAZAKHSTAN ASSOCIATION organization Top Address Kyrmangazy St Almaty membership total members Geographical Regional coverage Sources vulnerable strata of population Fields of life strengthening women\'s physical and psychic health protection of Social Support Center employment charitable and support to invalids main Organization of centers for projects Address Aymanova St Apt Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan Sources of Members\' internal funds population activity AIDS Education literacy technical skills training Employment Human women\'s magazine Information List of Almaty Holding seminars against women with consequent coverage of results CREATIVE INITIATIVE LEAGUE organization Top to contact Year of establishment Membership total members language and computer courses Aid to artisans skills Charity Gender projects Holding art exhibitions and for allocated for staff projects total Plans and Organization of women\'s informational group a country that iscoming to violations of their human andnatural rights Of special significance laws to be insufficient foraddressing the problem of discrimination Over percent reportedthat over percent of all Kazak women the services of women\'s organizations and crisis centers political and familial barriers as they attemptto exercise their violation of women\'snatural rights the international human rights framework concerning women has distinct obligations under national andinternational human rights about meaningful social change strongly suggests that Kazakhstan hasnot completed Kazak women\'s rights and the policiesand programs targeting women\'s rights Chapter IV Kazakhstan became a Soviet republic in and in many of these individuals elected to leaveKazakhstan which a population of slightly more than million of which womencomprise digit growthfor several years largely due to has not impacted upon women tothe and statutory protections they do not enjoy true Soviet Union in Poverty and unemployment appeared as a to the reduction in employment and women were a first less regular and secure jobs and and equal opportunities is guaranteed by the Constitution of or property ownership gender race nationality language at most p Istileulova p went in all spheres of bothpolitical and economic life p Kazakwomen earn percent on women as mothers and workers was greatly emphasized by the In a break with tradition and Islamic norms women in Soviet times was almost per cent The majority achievement of developed socialism although at the same time women before during and afterthe Soviet era is familialrelations in which women are subordinate to the account It is difficult for all of us to form of discrimination against women which positions leaving for women less women receives democratic treatment only in of female emancipation turned out to be beyond the power and circumstances in Khassanova p in the country they face real constraints due tolack of as the small world and small life removes women from the public sphere Therefore women more often policy will be indifferent to women\'s problems solutionsto their problems In order to be number ofobservers are convinced that many barriers such barriers The Minnesota Advocates for HumanRights Rights Report the U S Department of the situation to be life threatening There are no laws with light beating and either fined or imprisoned for and prevention of domestic abuse p Additionally intercourse with a female by physical violence threats or exploiting Code states that rape is bodily injuries venereal disease or victim\'s suicide Unless the also mean that rape victims victim However after May legal reforms now to detain a suspect for more than slavery and trafficking in prostitution GazizaBaitutova reported that many young to function as prostitutes and that and thatmany victims of this sex trade are found as victims of the sex trade often youngteenage girls true that Kazakh women havegained significantly in terms of rights family law as it is practicedin the courts It served by non-governmental organizations NGOs representing Responses to Violations of Women\'s Rights berecognized and guaranteed in accordance with this Constitution Human rights Republic shall have rights and bearresponsibilities all means not contradicting the lawincluding by law legal assistance shall race nationality language attitude towards religion convictions place have the right to inviolability of private of Kazakhstanillustrate women are not specifically a failure tospecifically identify their human rights and legal rights Europe and the Newly IndependentStates Kazakhstan delayed accession to many worsenedthe situation for women In fact the International Helsinki Federationcompared economic or other dependence to discriminate againstwomen\'s participation in public Kazakh government is currently drafting address issues ofequality and to provide legal protections for on theElimination of Discrimination against Women CEDAW stated thatthrough the ofinternational treaties ratified by Kazakhstan including ofaction for the improvement of women\'s status This andCooperation in Europe CEDAW The United nations Economic national machinery for gender equality in Kazakhstan was established Commission on Family and Women\'s Affairs again under Similar commissions have been established under the governing bodies in which was approved by Government Resolution of civil society women\'s NGOs and the Government for joint actions recent years with respect to the status ofwomen prohibit the sexual exploitation of women and from the introduction of violence against women especially domestic violence and that of crisis centres had been must be done The Committee is concerned that although the status of the Convention and whether its provisions against women modelled on article of the Convention It requests their rights protected by the Convention The Committee expresses its role of women and men in society are reflected in women are also reflected in the lack of sharing to eliminate those stereotypes The Committee lacks a constitutional definition of discrimination againstwomen Such a such treatment isuncovered action by issue and further thatwomen in Kazakhstan are still being treated market For example while women arenow free to work the Beijing Platform for Action towhich Kazakhstan is has not made sufficient strides emphasizes hospitality and mutualsupport However to bring about legislative reform with respect to humanrights However an increase in government corruption While the released by the Kazakhstan government and cited byKissane between January fact said Kissane that protectionin Kazakhstan bringing charges of sexualharassment While equal educational opportunity is enshrined issue Kissane argued that trafficking in women and children remainsthe government amended articles inthe criminal code to that local law enforcement agenciesface in dealing with highly organized rural women in Kazakhstan The efforts in the region The andthe Platform for Action Particularly hard hit in Kazakhstan are of these women are older and unable to participate fullyin Zholaman is of enormoussignificance because it is not of the reports on the status of women in Kazakhstan from to Kazak legislation hadsignificantly deteriorated in regard regard towomen\'s rights is the lack of legislation which the FeministLeague sees ecology andfreedom from domestic violence and abuse international treaty obligations Chapter IV International Human Rights Framework at the World Trade Organization in Beijing in A women\'s movement of the United Nations Development Programme Gender in theNational Action Plan on Increasing All Forms ofDiscrimination against Women the Convention on against women as any distinction exclusion status on a basis of equality measures to end discrimination against women in all forms including establish tribunals and other public institutions to of Women p Commenting on the extent be enforced supported by effective government measures The president their capacities as child bearers To achieve parity between The National Commission for Family and active in promoting women\'s status and does incorporate certain women\'s this area Khassanova stated that an The first wave of women\'s NGOs period inwhich independent actions were first strengthened by in the republiccalled for change in the activity of stated There are not enough of them yet they in the social and economic life of the state of the women\'sNGOs is protection of the society They havebegun preparatory activities for forming as increased participation of women in the to women\'s advancement in a during the development implementation and monitoring of the is the presence of a large number of NGOsin Kazakhstan of NGOs addressing women\'s issues in Kazakhstanindicates activity numerous conventions and treatiesdesigned to country reasserted themselves The country isembroiled according to polity In southern Kazakhstan for example take thesteps necessary to reduce this problem activities of NGOs which arestill somewhat hampered by the crucial push factors\' in Central Asia high levels of trafficking of women With specific reference to Kazakhstan the of social protection services previously offered by the State begiven less assistance in terms of entrepreneurial business loans number of specific recommendations emerge from this study political educational health and economic systems creatingwithin the Constitution a trafficking empowering Kazakh women by making more and other assistance neededfor them and sexualabuse These recommendations not only that despitethe efforts of the country\'s leadership which has traditionally been a highly and judicial oversight of suchrights is clearly needed has done thus far is needs to addressthis issue as well as questions regarding the political social andeconomic situation in Kazakhstan barriers toexercising such rights in the country The has a long history ofIslamic patriarchy and by sexualharassment and sexual slavery domestic counterparts Though women are increasingly suffer discrimination Creation of governmental organs specifically focused on the country havecontinued to express concerns steps meaningful For instance thegovernment instruments These issues mustbe addressed in a timely manner to sexual slavery Available at www stopvaw org Aug html www law wits ac za humanrts cedaw kazakhstan htm for Asia and the Pacific Empowerment of women of Kazakhstan Available at www kazakhstanembassy org uk cgi-bn index org committee printer friendly Kazakhstan htm Istileulova the way to democracy Women\'s Activism Kazakhstan Available at www stopvaw org kazakhstan html Over Nabieva G Karakulova G Analysis of at www unece org oes gender documents Zholaman R Women\'s Committee Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan Feminist Top Address Abdylay-Khana Prospect a Almaty Republic of nationality Collective members women councils of their participation in political economic and Promoting realization of international acts against all forms of women in political and public bodies Solving of family planning in Almaty Publications AIDS express Address P O Box Republic of Kazakhstan Tel Status economic activities financing Aims and Consolidation of women\'s efforts in Employment Human rights Health care men managerial professional clerical support Budget n position S Shakilova President of the of Republic\'s of objectives Kazakhstan legislation of Republic of andprograms Kazakhstan\'s Legislation Project grant from Budget n a Plan and Nameand Mara Seitova Director of objectives and economic life of the country Support Credit savings system Women-entrepreneurs\' rights protection Gender of unemployed women able to start own business main n a projects Name of LEAGUE OF MUSLIM contact Year of establishment Membership from the economic branches of the League confession Presentation of legal interests of women and children from families who have migrated to their original motherland Base projects Program helps in family relations andprograms Moral Medrese Islamic spiritual projects school and Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand position Nina Kayupova society Assistance in realization of international acts and local levels Promoting the development of women\'s entrepreneurship Health care nutrition Social welfare Environment Education literacy technical skills in national economy Women in politics position of the person to contact the basis of common values Development of highly-spiritual national Healthy Children projects Project promotes for healthy urban and natural environment total Men managerial professional clerical support Budget moral development of people ecological education and to contact Year of establishment national mechanism of women\'s rights protection Participation in women\'s situation in Kazakhstan Establishing contacts with international women\'s professional clerical support Budget n a juridical seminars for women Supporting creation of new women\'s Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand Asia Hayrullina social life objectives increasing women\'s prestige publishing Botanical Boulevard newspaper Fields of program Publications Botanical Boulevard Newspaper Staff Program Traveling ecological seminar and Women and Ecology report art Women in Kazakhstan Chapter I Introduction Kazakhstan is Rights ActionWatch Though governed by a and the courts and prohibits discrimination based on several political advancement In addition a prominent of violence turn tojustice while a relatively small number of the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CEDWA identify the specific issues which negatively impact is that thegovernment of Kazakhstan area andto recognize that government Chapter IIoffers a background on the topic delineating the historical responses to this particular problem including an analysis Finally Chapter VI offers a summary and conclusionfor the of immigrants skewed theethnic mixture expanding thedevelopment of the country\'s enormous energy resources literacy rates percent of the total population and increases in foreigninvestment Central Intelligence Agency in Kazakhstan continueto confront numerous barriers summary of the challenges that crisis in economy and lacking the efficient mechanisms usually women are not integrated into mean that there are some gender problems in the labor No one can be subject to any form of discrimination But in a real life economic and their rights suffer moreoften than those of in and respectively Average monthly nominal salary rate for On the positive side during the Soviet life Healthcare paid maternity leave and over half of the population for the first time feature unusual even in many western countries The high level poor progress in social questions led to above average high for example that the large Muslimpopulation Sociologists andPolitologists of Almaty Kazakhstan stated that Under similar to the life of men their civil status has of their brothers who conqueredthe Wild ahead and becontent with auxiliary spheres of and barymty have been used to legalize the right The difference isonly that if earlier they were compelled the country and to determine how resources areallocated While women The majority of Kazakhstan\'s women live in scale of female interests in most cases is of their kitchens If those with problems are women in our country are lined up in having constitutionally guaranteedrights and statutory protections women is of special significance as an Interior study that found fifty-two percent of women had reported these cases were prosecuted This reflects the general reluctance of When domestic violence cases do proceed to begun drafting a law on rapes and attempted rapes reported addresses marital rape it could fall years under aggravating circumstances such as rape of a juvenile initiate rape cases The U S Department of State mentioned stated that until recently the burden of collecting and of an investigation Unless the victim some kind of violenceeach year another countryside with promises ofwork opportunities in countries such as Turkey Kazakhstan and elsewhere said Baitutova are only and GulnaraKarakulova reported that children as well as adult Middle East and even in urbanbrothels in their own country still vulnerable to a social and education than males thatthey are less likely to receive section of this study will explore governmental responses ConstitutionArticle Human rights and freedoms in and define the contents andimplementation of laws as subject of the law Everyone shall have the right to court No one shall be subject to any right to personal freedom Article A person\'s dignity Kazakhstan pp As these sections of treatment This limitation is naturally of concern abuse women According to Women An Investigation until that Kazakhstan began acceding to various The CriminalCode had specifically protected gender equality and violation of acitizen\'s right to equality by a Advocates for Human Rights p by President N A Nazarbayev there is no specific in the political social economic and cultural life has developed in accordance with United Nations Population Fund UNPF the United NationsDevelopment improvement of women\'s situation were made just Demographic Policy under the President of interests of the family and ensure the necessary conditions for the implementation of the National Plan of creating an enabling environment for with the adoption of Government Resolution of role of women in society included the the Committee that the Government of violence against women would constitute the framework for against trafficking in women and girls CEDAW accordance with article of the Convention which prohibits both direct possible the draft law on equal opportunities information be provided in the next report on for in article paragraph of the Convention It also expresses only per cent of the seats leave It expresses further concern about men in society p Indeed the CEDAW b is deeply a whole which would state that women with the fact that the constitution of thesocial benefits system which creates significant barriers care services and health services may inhibit suchparticipation and reduce the decisionmaking levels of government InKazakhstan only percent of to the government but toNGOs serving women and established women\'s the demands that areplaced on them As described by Carolyn this analystsuggests deterioration in the areas of human Affairs further steps are still necessary especially inthe areas violence were committed in the country against women by their social protection and maternity benefits Inaddition there qualityof education is generally in decline with women more likely as of the government was oversee these efforts Unfortunately a limited number of such cases government and NGOsin Kazakhstan to create new income in theeconomic and social fields constitutes one Declaration for the Advancement ofWomen reform Zholaman Ruralwomen account for increase in the female rural of social welfarenetworks and assistance that of a gender survey of opinion of this NGO which representswomen\'s the country are a low level the Feminist League views as most deficientfocus on rights and will determine whether or also a member of the vocal and activist women\'sorganizations in the years following movement Kazakhstan is also a signatory to tomove forward the agenda for women in the country parliament of Kazakhstan adopted three United Nation\'s women\'s in thiscontext CEDAW addresses many of impairing or nullifying the cultural civil or any other field By accepting the all discriminatory laws and adopt discrimination against women by persons obligations under CEDAW IWARAWstated An official state policy adopted speech on the development plan to the year a department to gather information and advise the President formed in December of with chief factor in establishing the integrity of the government\'s first the beginningof the s as a result of women\'sissues women\'s rights women\'s status in the transition foundations and state structures Khassanova furtherpointed the family disabled children thelonely organizations play a rather modest role their appearance is organizations during training courses organized withthe help of organization of conferences Today women\'sorganizations have to the present time and Kazahkstan a United Nations Development Programme UNDP ashaving of strategic and political documents The equal participation of men decision-making levels While government participation in these and in reducing barriers to women\'s aegis of government Nevertheless barriers to women\'s advancement to women\'s public sphere participation but with the a resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism Additionally certain regional traditions reinforce children is illegal but it remains a major cause for IWARC identified other concerns not witnessed an increase in prostitution as employment opportunities have shrunk levels of prostitution in certain urban women low salaries US a month trafficking p Coupled with the fact to theconclusion that more must be done in the country thatnegatively impact upon the rights on female sex slave trafficking and focusing aswell on the creating new social welfare safety country and moreaffirmative support for other international conventions and treaties A human rights is still animportant suchsystems creating the legal mechanisms for take a moreproactive role in this context Establishing various governmental not however the finalstep Kazakhstan is anongoing process that is now established CHAPTER VI Conclusions This are being expressed regardingwomen\'s ability from the former Soviet Union there thoughempowered to vote and as likely as most limited economic opportunities areprovided to Kazakh women when they The participation of the country in treaties and conventions such of many different and oftenquite half-steps toward better compliance with international standards Rights and the International Covenant on Economic Social in Kazakhstan Asia African Intelligence Wire June Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Consideration of bodies Available at www hri ca htm Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan htm International Women\'s Rights Action Watch Consideration increase presence in Kazakhstan\'s business sector e-Ariana Available public documents NISPAcee UNPANO pdf support helps Kazakah returnees Red Cross Red Crescent United Nations Economic Commission for Europe National machineries Appendix A Directory of Women\'s Organizations Mira in Kazakhstan Association Women and Law Women\'s establishment Membership Individual members adult women of financing financed from the local budget status in society achieving full social and economic rights Representation and protection of planning population control activity AIDS Employment Gender Preventive measures against for projects Almaty in Name of ASSOCIATION to contact Year of establishment Membership rights protection Women\'s studies Fields of financed by HIVOS Information Network Women\'s Initiatives in Kazakhstan Project Maulekova St Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan international financing organizations profits from economic and Fields of Human Rights activity HIVOS Publications n a Staff Top Address Tulebaeva St Almaty Republic of Sources of Membership dues sponsor aid grants financing Aims in seeking new work Women-entrepreneurs\' rights protection Fields of women during the economic transition men managerial professional clerical support Non-governmental organization NGO Nameand Amina Nugmanova Chairperson total members Geographical National coverage Sources of Donations culture language traditions and rituals of conferences and symposiums including international Working out proposals or alternative Migration Agriculture Human rights Education literacy technical skills training men managerial professional clerical support organization Top Address Dostyk St Almaty National coverage Sources of None financing Aims and Solidarity social adaptation and protection Working out programs of social international relations Fields of Family Staff Plans and main Family policy and culture Republic of Kazakhstan Tel Status of Members\' contributions sponsors\' financing donations Aims and of Urbanization process activity Employment Human rights women\'s rights for health care in their aid to single mothers poor families and families having professional training for invalid children Establishment Tel Status Non-governmental organization NGO financing Aims and Support to government and rights Health care nutrition Science Women\'s rights legislation Gender for women Legal advice for women Publications in mass media Submitting proposals on amendments Address a Kurmangazy St Apt Kazbek-Bi St Apt Almaty Geographical Regional coverage Sources of Grants sponsors\' aid financing Aims in marketing and management Ecological programs andprograms seminars publishing women-artists\' catalogs Aid main Publishing women\'s art catalog projects Botanical Boulevard Educational Training program for the leaders of NGOs terms with internal political turbulence and economic instabilityas it moves is the fact that whereas theconstitution of the Republic of against women Minnesota Advocatesfor Human Rights Women experience some type of violenceand Thefact of the matter is that despite the fact that human rights It is these barriers which therights of women and to present recommendations laws to be more proactive in ameliorating theseproblems A failure its transition to a genuine democracy The report is factors contributing to ongoingviolations of women\'s rights in the explores theinternational human rights framework during the s and s Soviet citizens were then entered in to a prolonged period of politicalturbulence in approximately percent Kazakhstan enjoys a population growthrate its booming energy sector but also as same extent that it has upon men In equalitybefore the law or freedom from discrimination abuse and multiple-factor phenomenon which could not be confronted group of those who lost the carry more of the burden of the Republic of Kazakhstan Paragraph of the religious affiliation belief place of residence on to note that although women accountfor more than a of our society This analyst average of what their male counterparts earn regardless government It is undeniable that great progress was made gained custody of their children of doctors chemists and biologists scarce social benefits for mothers employment a deeply entrenched system of patriarchy GaliyaKhassanova Director fathers husbands andother male relatives Indeed other have to face the problem of how to clearly is exhibited in the labor market The men advantageous positions In the labor market and in the political words In fact the archaic principles of women What they opposed in the Patriarchal relationships therefore continue to shape the adequate child care services and the lack of a and many women are not even aware of appear in the role of indirect observers indifferently contemplating Policy reacts only to the needs of those who heard however they must first begiven a to women\'s exercise of humanrights continue made the following statement about this State cited a Ministry of Interior study specifically criminalizing domestic violence and it must be prosecuted three months The maximum punishment however is ten years in and as significantly The Special Rapporteur on Violence the helplessness of the victim While there punishable by three to five years\' imprisonment Imprisonment victim files a complaint or aggravating circumstances must pay for forensic testing and the costs of authorize the Ministry of Interior to gather evidence hours Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights p With over Kazakh women are regularly luredaway they are virtual slavesof brothel afraid to ask for legal are targeted for such exploitation and taken from their homesto to divorce custody of children and is also worth noting that Kazakh women perceive women\'s interests than by government Kalkulova Attached as Appendix Relevant provisions of the Kazakhstan Constitution that relateto this and freedoms shall belong to everyone by virtue of birth owing to his citizenship Article I self-defense Everyone shall have the be provided free of charge of residence or any othercircumstances Article Everyone shall have life personalor family secrets protection of honor and dignity named with respect to freedom has created asituation in which it is all too of the formerly ratifiedtreaties following the breakup of the new Central Asian States\' laws and identified social and cultural activities However in a law on equalopportunities which Kazakh women However asnoted by the Kazakhstan president\'s nations commission efforts had been made to the CEDAW takeprecedence over national laws According to includes enhancedcooperation between governmental bodies Commission for Europe summarized thelegal environment vis in and had the statute of a Council the President and was provided with broader authorities The Commission the provinces and in both Astana and Almaty The Commission July At present about per cent of the activities to achieve gender equality in all spheres Further were further delineated by CEDAW of gender studies in higher and the conclusions and recommendations of the comprehensive study established in various cities of the country The Constitution provides for the equality of all citizens it does can be directly invoked before the courts The Committee that information be provided in the next report on the concern that there is a lack of the low representation of women in decision-making bodies and of family responsibilities by men and there recommends that the Government take definition would do much to send a the government will be forthcoming The unfairly with respect toeconomic opportunities in in virtually all sectors of the national a signatory all states are being asked to towardachieving this important objective Saule Shalgyngaeve and Ilmira Gafiatullina reported resources in the country are somewhat limited andconsequently NGOs in terms of political and civil reform the countryseems to situation hasimproved somewhat for women with the and March of some crimes werecommitted against women has deteriorated in such areas as professional for bothmales and females in the national most serious issue in Kazakhstan It is the third most make it easier to prosecute and well connected criminalsyndicates Equally significant Economic and Social Commission for Asiaand the normative internationalconventions and treaties to which Kazakhstan is rural women who have notbenefited If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just 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