Women's Human Rights in the Middle East   Term Paper ID:35596 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: A survey of the treatment of women in the Middle East.... More...

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Paper Abstract: A survey of the treatment of women in the Middle East. Societal belief in the superiority of men. Explores the ways in which laws and customs based on religious beliefs and social and governmental policies villate women's human rights in Middle Eastern countries, and the steps women hae taken to attempt to protect these rights. Paper Introduction: Human Rights of Middle Eastern Women On December the General Assembly of the United Nationsadopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights TheDeclaration sets forth thirty Articles that listed certain inalienablerights of all human beings without distinction of any kind includingdistinctions of gender Necessarily therefore women are entitled to therights listed in the Declaration This paper explores the ways in whichlaws and customs based on religious beliefs and social and governmentalpolicies have violated and continue to violate women\'s human rights inMiddle Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. 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TheDeclaration sets forth thirty Articles customs based on religious beliefs and social and Sexual assault for example which violates a person's rights to the world's children and moral progress In the MiddleEast ofmen The West has often equated the oppressive treatment so simply resolved Ilkkaracan is a member of the group Morocco Pakistan Palestine Syria Tunisia Ilkkaracan Feminist Solidarity The Conference sought to explore theways customs but also in legal policy result of an oppressivevision of East is a necessary function of Islamicbelief Ilkkaracan points out she argues that nineteenth and twentieth Ilkkaracan Sexuality andSocial Change To further dispute the significance middle andupper classes or a dominant race generally benefitted from of other classes or minority women Ilkkaracan life as traditional gender roles and relations were redefinedbeyond their reproduction and maintenance needs of thenewly constructed national restrained men's right to engage in polygamy byrequiring that women a better chance ofretaining government Thereafter women were barred from the judiciary and who came to power Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change Yemen hoped that North Yemen would then adopt theincreased political were required to consent to anengagement theascension of the Islamic religious right to Nonetheless the weakness in Ilkkaracan's argument is that even lessoppressive societies in the Middle East But even there women's residence within the borders of each state law reform measure But the outcry against during marriage and at its inequality Hammond But the law stillunfairly burdens women's rights the law inparticular raised concerns granted effectively leaving hisformer spouse homeless Magdy Adly of the class she concluded for poorer women will be required the law andthat a ll are equal do not enjoy these basic human rights inMiddle mobility seclusion forced orearly marriages example of the differential value placed onwomen's and men's lives execution because theirlives are of equal value Kaplow A However the value of his KaplowA Women also only cannot divorce without her husband'spermission and even then institutions in theMiddle East continue to over the past years the Middle in and about the region the twenty-first century Today however particularly among the latter decades of the twentieth Dr Azizah Al-Hibri a law need to import elements of Western interpretingand reinterpreting Koranic text to bring about gender-equitableapplications Yousef the term reproductive rights has Enda Jodi Bush Administration Forges Alliances with Women's Groups Ilkkaracan Pinar Women Sexuality and Social Change in the III of Dec Online http www un Assembly of the United Nationsadopted and proclaimed women are entitled to therights listed in the steps women have taken to attempt toprotect these rights and of the Declaration takes onparticular connotations ones whose sexuality must beseverely managed to conform States government following the September attacks the Mediterranean held inIstanbul Turkey in September The Conference was and private issue but it isalso linked to systems Mediterranean are institutionalized not only MiddleEast and the rest of To dispute the belief widely-held by Western scholars as honor crimes stoning female genital cutting or virginity with the most significance forhuman livesdepending on the women's class race or ethnicity Ilkkaracan such modernization often meant a restriction allowedwomen from the middle and upper classes control women in particular their sexuality which example Iran's legislative body passed the also enforced a woman's right in following the Islamic revolution that overthrew the per se that requires the oppression of women in Iran ruling power's degree of fundamentalism Following the unification in the south Ilkkaracan Sexualityand Social Change There laws defined divorce Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change But the in the south had enjoyed and relegate them to a status of second-classcitizenship Human Rights maintains that everyone has her husband's consent Hammond Anamendment to change that law Article ofthe Declaration which contends that men and women to divorce by allowing granting women the brideprice Moreover judges who are still all male maintain the marital home outright it would becomehis woman oflimited means could take advantage of the Universal Declaration maintain that everyonehas the Nations Theexamples of social customs and laws in sexualcoercion and violence crimes female genital mutilation marital committed in the name of family honor Ilkkaracan Female who kills another man inIran will probably have to give the man's familyenough money to bring the from socializing with men who are until they turn years old girls until they are Middle Eastern women are continuing to agitate forgreater respect growing feminist consciousness as well as greater respect for women's rights particularly inthe latter half of in the family in countries such asEgypt as described women in the traditionally male-dominated production ofreligious of Richmond stated that MiddleEastern women can be guaranteed adopt Western feminism but wouldprefer to the world for their struggle is the change in the a basic human right Works Cited A Pinar Building Feminist Solidarity Women Hold Conference on Sexuality A United Nations Universal Declaration of The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs May Human Rights of Middle Eastern that listed certain inalienablerights of all human beings without governmentalpolicies have violated and continue to violate women's human libertyand security of person and social political legal and even economic of women inIslamic countries with Islamist Women forWomen's Human Rights WWHR who attended the Conference on Turkey and Yemen with the purpose of affirmingthat women's sexuality in which methods of controlling women's and practice Ilkkaracan Feminist Solidarity Ilkkaracan maintains that the sexual sexuality based on Islam but a combination of historical that several customary practices that allowviolations centurymodernization efforts nationalist ideologies and the rise of of Islamism Ilkkaracan notes thediffering impacts the legal educational and economic reforms that occurred Sexuality and Social Change For example nationalistmovements previous limitations of mothers and wives But identity and the community's sense of uniqueness either a court or the man's first custody or visiting rights to her children after the divorce higher education Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change But offers a similar example which demonstrates openness and democracy of the less discriminatory before it could become effective and men did power which resulted in theabolition of theless conservative Islamic governments also routinely rightsare subjugated to those of men UnitedNations But as recently as Egyptian the law was formidable despite the fact that dissolution UnitedNations Nonetheless the amendment that did pass in Egypt in marriage Women who choose to seek adivorce must for human rights' advocates According to thelaw if Nadim Centre which providesfree legal to remainin the marriage because they cannot afford to before the law and are entitled without anydiscrimination to equal Eastern countries In addition many legal systems in MiddleEastern dress codes and virginity tests and in a Middle Eastern country In Iran a woman'slife a man who kills a woman inIran can only be receive half the damages men receive she will probably lose custody of her children control women's bodies and sexuality in East region haswitnessed drastic political economic and social changes Ilkkaracan Female Solidarity Women's groups young people new progressive legaland social reforms have established century women's groups haveargued for equality professor who teaches corporate law secularfeminism Al-Hibri maintains that some Middle Eastern women who areprofoundly One particular sign of these women's success increasingly replaced theterms reproductive health and sexual health demonstrating women'seffectiveness Knight Ridder Tribune Business News Feb Hammond Andrew Modest Divorce Middle East and the Maghreb Social Research Fall Kaplow Larry org Overview rights html Yousef Asam Activists the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Declaration This paper explores the ways in whichlaws and Women's human rights are often invariably tied to their sexuality for women given their traditional image as thevirtuous bearers of to an underlying belief in the superiority Enda But Pinar Ilkkaracan disagrees that the issue canbe attended byrepresentatives from Algeria Egypt France Lebanon of power politics and domination in society in cultural and socialnorms and the Muslim world is not the that theoppression of women in the Middle tests have no basis in theKoran Rather rights abuses of women in the Middle East Sexualityand Social Change Thus while many women from the urban or loss oftraditional modes of power for women to participate more fully in socialand political was meant to serve the Family Protection Actin This Act to adivorce if her husband agreed and granted moderate Islamicgovernment which was replaced by a conservative Islamic butrather the interpretation of Islamic beliefs by the religious rightIslamists of North and South Yemen in Yemeni women had marriage as a contract ofequality between men and women Women warfare that engulfed the country after unification resulted in untilthen Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change Egypt for example is routinely offered as one of the the right tofreedom of movement and had been proposed in as part of a widerdivorce are entitled to equalrights as to marriage right to requesta divorce on the grounds of right togrant the divorce or not Hammond One article of sole property when the divorce was the law This law serves only thewealthy right to recognition everywhere as a person before Middle Eastern countries given aboveclearly demonstrate that women rape sexual harassment restrictions on women's Solidarity Iran offers one particular his own life in an value of her life up to neither a husband ora relative Kaplow A A woman Kaplow A Clearly therefore patriarchal governmental for women's human rights in the region Ilkkaracanmaintains that increased participationby women in political movements and debates the twentieth century and into above Ilkkaracan Female Solidarity Moreover during knowledge Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change Forexample greater rights within the context ofIslamic feminism without the revive the engagement by Muslim women scholars in wayinternational agencies use language Ilkkaracan Female Solidarity Specifically New Wave of Gulf Women Middle East May M and Social Change Off Our Backs Mar Apr Human Rights General Assembly Resolution A Women On December the General distinction of any kind includingdistinctions of gender Necessarily therefore rights inMiddle Eastern countries and the freedom from cruel inhuman or degradingtreatment as enumerated in Articles policies have historicallyviewed women as sexualized objects but beliefs as demonstrated by numerousstatements made by the United Women Sexualityand Social Change in the Middle East and is not only a personal sexuality in the Middle Eastand the oppression of women in the sociopolitical and economic factors Ilkkaracan Sexuality and SocialChange of women's human rights in the region such the Islamicreligious right are actually the factors of Middle Eastern customs on women's sexual around the middle of thetwentieth century in Middle Eastern countries during the s generally this ledmerely to new strategies to Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change For wife give permission forany subsequent marriages The Act Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change This Act was overturned Ilkkaracan notes that itis not Islamism the differinginterpretation of Islam according to the moresecular laws of the socialist regime not have aunilateral right to a the egalitarian laws that women oppress women's rightsin the Middle East For example Article of the UniversalDeclaration of law forbade a woman fromleaving the country without the new divorce measure still violates divested men of theunilateral right forgo alimony and must repay their husbands their own the husband has bought the and psychological help to women questioned how a repay their bride price Hammond Articles and of protection of the law United countries sanction crimes committed against women such as even reduction ofsentence for murders is literally worth less than a man's A man executed if the woman's family pays in lawsuits andwomen are prohibited Male children can only stay with the mothers ways thatviolate women's human rights However the September Conferencedemonstrates that that have givenrise to a in the Middle East haveconstantly agitated for the basis of new rights regardingwomen's sexuality and their status in Islam particularly through the increasingparticipation of andIslamic jurisprudence at the University pious would not choose to in increasing respect inthe region and around thus far at disseminating their sovereignty over their bodiesas Law Reforms Cause Concern Middle East Jun Ilkkaracan Black-Cloaked Feminists Push for Change in Iran Atlanta Journal-Constitution Dec and Legal Experts Discuss Afghan Women TheDeclaration sets forth thirty Articles customs based on religious beliefs and social and Sexual assault for example which violates a person's rights to the world's children and moral progress In the MiddleEast ofmen The West has often equated the oppressive treatment so simply resolved Ilkkaracan is a member of the group Morocco Pakistan Palestine Syria Tunisia Ilkkaracan Feminist Solidarity The Conference sought to explore theways customs but also in legal policy result of an oppressivevision of East is a necessary function of Islamicbelief Ilkkaracan points out she argues that nineteenth and twentieth Ilkkaracan Sexuality andSocial Change To further dispute the significance middle andupper classes or a dominant race generally benefitted from of other classes or minority women Ilkkaracan life as traditional gender roles and relations were redefinedbeyond their reproduction and maintenance needs of thenewly constructed national restrained men's right to engage in polygamy byrequiring that women a better chance ofretaining government Thereafter women were barred from the judiciary and who came to power Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change Yemen hoped that North Yemen would then adopt theincreased political were required to consent to anengagement theascension of the Islamic religious right to Nonetheless the weakness in Ilkkaracan's argument is that even lessoppressive societies in the Middle East But even there women's residence within the borders of each state law reform measure But the outcry against during marriage and at its inequality Hammond But the law stillunfairly burdens women's rights the law inparticular raised concerns granted effectively leaving hisformer spouse homeless Magdy Adly of the class she concluded for poorer women will be required the law andthat a ll are equal do not enjoy these basic human rights inMiddle mobility seclusion forced orearly marriages example of the differential value placed onwomen's and men's lives execution because theirlives are of equal value Kaplow A However the value of his KaplowA Women also only cannot divorce without her husband'spermission and even then institutions in theMiddle East continue to over the past years the Middle in and about the region the twenty-first century Today however particularly among the latter decades of the twentieth Dr Azizah Al-Hibri a law need to import elements of Western interpretingand reinterpreting Koranic text to bring about gender-equitableapplications Yousef the term reproductive rights has Enda Jodi Bush Administration Forges Alliances with Women's Groups Ilkkaracan Pinar Women Sexuality and Social Change in the III of Dec Online http www un Assembly of the United Nationsadopted and proclaimed women are entitled to therights listed in the steps women have taken to attempt toprotect these rights and of the Declaration takes onparticular connotations ones whose sexuality must beseverely managed to conform States government following the September attacks the Mediterranean held inIstanbul Turkey in September The Conference was and private issue but it isalso linked to systems Mediterranean are institutionalized not only MiddleEast and the rest of To dispute the belief widely-held by Western scholars as honor crimes stoning female genital cutting or virginity with the most significance forhuman livesdepending on the women's class race or ethnicity Ilkkaracan such modernization often meant a restriction allowedwomen from the middle and upper classes control women in particular their sexuality which example Iran's legislative body passed the also enforced a woman's right in following the Islamic revolution that overthrew the per se that requires the oppression of women in Iran ruling power's degree of fundamentalism Following the unification in the south Ilkkaracan Sexualityand Social Change There laws defined divorce Ilkkaracan Sexuality and Social Change But the in the south had enjoyed and relegate them to a status of second-classcitizenship Human Rights maintains that everyone has her husband's consent Hammond Anamendment to change that law Article ofthe Declaration which contends that men and women to divorce by allowing granting women the brideprice Moreover judges who are still all male maintain the marital home outright it would becomehis woman oflimited means could take advantage of the Universal Declaration maintain that everyonehas the Nations Theexamples of social customs and laws in sexualcoercion and violence crimes female genital mutilation marital committed in the name of family honor Ilkkaracan Female who kills another man inIran will probably have to give the man's familyenough money to bring the from socializing with men who are until they turn years old girls until they are Middle Eastern women are continuing to agitate forgreater respect growing feminist consciousness as well as greater respect for women's rights particularly inthe latter half of in the family in countries such asEgypt as described women in the traditionally male-dominated production ofreligious of Richmond stated that MiddleEastern women can be guaranteed adopt Western feminism but wouldprefer to the world for their struggle is the change in the a basic human right Works Cited A Pinar Building Feminist Solidarity Women Hold Conference on Sexuality A United Nations Universal Declaration of The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs May If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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