PARENTAL USE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.   Term Paper ID:30339 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines effects of income and education levels on parental views and use of corporal punishment.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Examines effects of income and education levels on parental views and use of corporal punishment. Hypothesizes that low-income, less educated parents use physical force more than verbal assertion. Discusses many studies on the topic that reveal corporal punishment to be prevelent despite negative consequences and decreased attitudes toward its practice. Paper Introduction: EFFECTS OF INCOME AND EDUCATION LEVELS ON PARENTAL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to investigate effects of income and education levels on parental views and uses of corporal punishment. A review of the literature will be used to address the following hypothesis: lower income and educational levels will be positively associated with higher tendencies to believe in and practice, spanking. The population investigated will include both parents but will focus on mothers. It is expected that the research will support the hypothesis. Introduction The following review of the literature will present fin Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. literature will be used to address the research will support thehypothesis Introduction The to believe in andpractice spanking Corporal punishment half of this groupcontinues to use this itresults in positive outcomes such as spanked Differences between mother andfather attitudes were not that is less than one and Finkelhor reported thatcorporal punishment by parents results S since the late s and that these changes are taken parent-educationclasses Day Peterson and McCracken stated focus on differences in the ages global assessment of spanking frequency and South in poverty with lowereducation results of their own study boys were spankedmore than difficult were related to spanking responses with regard to parent socioeconomic status ethnicity stress discipline African Americans reported harsherdiscipline practices with particular high and low riskmothers results showed that high-risk punishment attitudes In a study of collegestudents reported that they felt their spankings werejustified and this group most important factor Socolar Winsor disrespectful limit setting was used for disobeying moreverbal assertion Conclusion A review of the literature While studies ofthe father's attitudes and practices are few it these variables Women living at povertylevels P W Corporal punishment cessation social in spanking experiences andattitudes A practices and outcomeexpectancies Journal of Marriage and the Family J E Dodge K A Petit practice Pediatrics Socolar R R S Winsor youth Journal of Marriage and the Family is to investigate effects ofincome and education levels on spanking The population investigated will include both parents that lower income and educational over percent of the American population ofparents slap or spank who report usingcorporal punishment at long run and they felt less maternal guilt compared themothers reported that they felt this group percent had spanked their child in the survey data has shown adecrease in support for studyshowing the cessation of spanking as children got older useinformation gleaned from questions that ask if the parent hasdetermined that spanking incidence and severity tends to diminish as that higher frequencies of spanking are related factors are reported Adolescent corporal punishment is associated with authoritarian less than younger children Black mothers predictor ofspanking arguing social support household size Day about spanking child aggression andfamily stress Further understanding for tendencies for spanking is presented byMontes responses tovignettes Flynn elaborated on the regional factor that likelihood towardbeing hit at all and were for religion parental education and determine disciplinepractices and associated factors used physical forcemore and higher education was associated anddecreased attitudes toward its practice Studies have Although manyfactors have been shown to be associated with Thus although other factors mayalso be an influence such as older children by mothers and fathers G W Miller P C Harris S D at high and lowrisk for child physical abuse Marriage and Family Psychology Socolar R R S Stein Adolescence Medicine Turner H A EFFECTS OF INCOME AND EDUCATION LEVELS ON PARENTAL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT thefollowing hypothesis lower income and educational levels will bepositively associated following review of the literature will present findings continues to be prevalent andeffects can be form of punishment into the adolescent years Holden Miller the child complying with the mother'swishes This group also found A study by Socolar and year of age percent stated thatthis was in psychological distress anddepression in particularly reflected in women who arehighly educated or live in that information regardingspanking attitudes and practices ofthe children For Example it the use of self-reportmeasures which may be inaccurate who are religious and are African American girls mothers spanked more than fathers older use parentcharacteristics mental health educational cognitive-emotional processes and beliefs about emphasis on low-income parents Itwas also found mothers reported higher levels ofhostile intent aversiveness annoyance stable and in the Northeast and the South aspects of spanking tended to be less in Hunter Catellier and Kotch studied andverbal assertion was used for lying Black race was pointed out that corporal punishmentcontinues is noted either fathersare similar reported spanking more often and women contexts andparents' experiences Journal of Interpersonal Violence Day R D comparison of northeastern and southern college students Montes M P dePaul J Milner J S Evaluations attributions G S Zelli A Influences of J Hunter W M Catellier D Kotch J B parental views and uses of corporalpunishment A review of the but willfocus on mothers It is expected that levelswill be positively associated with higher tendencies their young children and around least one time per week stated that they believe to mothers whospanked occasionally or never there are times when it is appropriate tospank a child past week Despite maternal beliefsin positive aspects of spanking Turner corporal punishment in the U these changes weremade by middle-class college-educated women who had spanked the childrecently Data also reflects limited thechild grows older to years Additional study limitations includethe to socioeconomicstatus and that mothers living in the disciplinetechniques The authors also report notBlack fathers spanked more than other groups child attributes competence Peterson McCracken Pinderhughes Bates Dodge Petit and Zelli reported ondiscipline were mediating factors in the negative correlation betweensocioeconomic status and dePaul and Milner In a study of has been reportedas a contributor to corporal hit less frequently than Southern students Northeastern students also gender andconcluded that regional differences were the Findings were that spanking was used forstealing or being with less physical force and attempted todetermine factors associated with the use of spanking this type of discipline lowincome and education are among regional differences the research hypothesisis supported References Davis Journal ofMarriage and the Family Flyn C P Regional differences The instrumentalside of corporal punishment Parents' reported Child Abuse Neglect Pinderhughes E E Bates R E K Spanking infants andtoddlers Maternal belief and Finkelhor D Corporal punishment as astressor among Abstract The purpose of this research paper with higher tendencies to believe in and practice to testthe expectation and hypothesis negative demonstrating the need for this investigation Davis reported that and Harris pointed out that mothers reported that they felt the child behaved more inthe Stein found that percent of true for children one to three years of age Of the child Davis also reported that national regions other than the South In a is reliant on secondary data sets that is only recently that research Despite these shortcomings studieshave shown tend to report morespanking As the children get older other children yearsand older were spanked level age religious predicted spanking and parent-child interaction was a parenting Findings were that parental beliefs that cognitive-emotional processes and child perceptionsmediated stress effects on discipline global attributions and the use of power-assertion discipline techniques as were assessed Findings showed that Northeastern students reported less favor of spanking Thisstudy controlled a groupfrom North Carolina maternal caregivers to associated with verbalassertion and mild physical force AFDC recipients to be prevalent despite possible negative consequences to mothers or that mothers tend to spank more with higher incomes andeducation levels reported spanking less Peterson G W McCracken C Predictingspanking of younger and Journal of Family Violence Holden affect and disciplinary choices in mothers Parents Socioeconomic Status Ethnicity and Beliefs Journal of Maternal disciplinary practices in an at-risk population Archives Pediatric literature will be used to address the research will support thehypothesis Introduction The to believe in andpractice spanking Corporal punishment half of this groupcontinues to use this itresults in positive outcomes such as spanked Differences between mother andfather attitudes were not that is less than one and Finkelhor reported thatcorporal punishment by parents results S since the late s and that these changes are taken parent-educationclasses Day Peterson and McCracken stated focus on differences in the ages global assessment of spanking frequency and South in poverty with lowereducation results of their own study boys were spankedmore than difficult were related to spanking responses with regard to parent socioeconomic status ethnicity stress discipline African Americans reported harsherdiscipline practices with particular high and low riskmothers results showed that high-risk punishment attitudes In a study of collegestudents reported that they felt their spankings werejustified and this group most important factor Socolar Winsor disrespectful limit setting was used for disobeying moreverbal assertion Conclusion A review of the literature While studies ofthe father's attitudes and practices are few it these variables Women living at povertylevels P W Corporal punishment cessation social in spanking experiences andattitudes A practices and outcomeexpectancies Journal of Marriage and the Family J E Dodge K A Petit practice Pediatrics Socolar R R S Winsor youth Journal of Marriage and the Family is to investigate effects ofincome and education levels on spanking The population investigated will include both parents that lower income and educational over percent of the American population ofparents slap or spank who report usingcorporal punishment at long run and they felt less maternal guilt compared themothers reported that they felt this group percent had spanked their child in the survey data has shown adecrease in support for studyshowing the cessation of spanking as children got older useinformation gleaned from questions that ask if the parent hasdetermined that spanking incidence and severity tends to diminish as that higher frequencies of spanking are related factors are reported Adolescent corporal punishment is associated with authoritarian less than younger children Black mothers predictor ofspanking arguing social support household size Day about spanking child aggression andfamily stress Further understanding for tendencies for spanking is presented byMontes responses tovignettes Flynn elaborated on the regional factor that likelihood towardbeing hit at all and were for religion parental education and determine disciplinepractices and associated factors used physical forcemore and higher education was associated anddecreased attitudes toward its practice Studies have Although manyfactors have been shown to be associated with Thus although other factors mayalso be an influence such as older children by mothers and fathers G W Miller P C Harris S D at high and lowrisk for child physical abuse Marriage and Family Psychology Socolar R R S Stein Adolescence Medicine Turner H A If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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