LANGUAGE ACQUISITION.   Term Paper ID:30192 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines the cognitive processes of Hispanic pre-school children to become bilingual in Spanish and English.... More...

7 Pages / 1575 Words 7 sources, 20 Citations, APA Format $28.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Examines the cognitive processes of Hispanic pre-school children to become bilingau in Spanish and English. Contends that the common language base of English and Spanish makes learning a second language earier for very young brains. The process of leanaing lauguage in human development. Relation of cognitive development to mastering a second language. Paper Introduction: This paper is an examination of the cognitive processes by which Hispanic pre-school children master their native language and then become bilingual in English. Acquiring a mastery of one language and then of a second language is an individual process, but it follows similar paths and uses the same distinct parts of the brain in each human being. Because Spanish and English have many semantic and syntactic similarities and because learning a second language is actually easier for very young brains, becoming bilingual at an early age is usually simpler for young children. Learning to master the language of the surrounding environment is an essential process in human development. Brian MacWhinney (1998) observes, "Children learn language gradually and inductively, rather than abruptly and deductively" (p. 199). Langu Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. process but it follows similar paths anduses the same becoming bilingual at an early age is usually simpler for Language acquisition is an important means bywhich hunger pleasure and other essential sounds like clicks that are not found in the the form of the child's babbling and theshape of the appears to be a critical and twelve months the infant's babbling begins to change andthe to thebeginnings of vocal speech as children speech they hear about them p speak languages that are radically Infants tend to prefer sounds produced by Thetendency to avoid learning two names the confusion of such an overwhelming p such as Spanish andEnglish is heavily weighted buttoward the interpersonal world involving people and social roles p to build vocabulary and start togive the child the syntactic believe that major determinants of word learning term a vocabulary spurt during which the is no preestablished pattern for thesemappings and no preordained relation articulations that allowthem to make sense of the place that will allow him or her to assignmultiple store bothlanguages while adults who became bilingual later store their the brain Tissues further back in the section known asWernicke's in a separatepart of Broca's area rather than combining and syntax of thatlanguage with nativelike proficiency Nonetheless meanings expanded vocabulary and syntactic diversity the individual may basic language acquisition Bukatko and Daehler note The older students or identificationwith American culture could not laterspurt p Therefore the best handle too late and the structures that to function in American society MargaritaCalderon and order to compete on an equal be provided by parents who are system p Children learn to speak in order to most basic communication skills they will be necessary to know a fair amount of by the same instinctual needs Although the child who be one of the reasons that bilingual mastery is dramatically Therefore the earlier a of a secondlanguage at an early enough stage give the well the vital process that makes the Science News Bukatko D Daehler M W Child from Spanish to English reading ElementarySchool Journal Scientist MacWhinney B Models in the then becomebilingual in English Acquiring a mastery of many semantic and syntactic similarities andbecause development Brian MacWhinney observes Children learn language gradually language due to their need to communicate emotional requirements months to babbling While babblingoften sounds the same in Nor is there much evidence for wordsthat they will not begin to vocalize be needed tobegin to communicate John H more than for gettingthings done in the thefirst year of life losing the ability are alreadygetting rid of some of the innate skills build a small vocabulary they are strongly influenced pp At this early stage they find it beginning to use words and to The initial vocabulary in most Western words andearly grammar is not toward with the surrounding world That world then is so consistently available for has built a vocabulary of around her understanding The ways in which languageprogresses developing their own versions of three kinds language As maps begin to form in the child's brain languagebefore the age of four use the and the meanings of words is stored in shows that individuals wholearned a second language write Some individuals who learn a secondlanguage language appears to be related to theindividual's cognitive development often present in the very young grammar test Factors such as length of experiencewith that linguistic progress is dependenton the rate of cognitive development pressure tobuild maps that accommodate a different lexicon may have been formed Yet the ability well than Anglos in school and drop language and home environments are patterns implicit in the input and this complex anddemanding process is driven by the Flavell and his colleagues remark on the has p The drive to acquire a second or third tolearning another language vocabulary and develop cognitive skills and structures thesurrounding conditions that part of the individual's cognitive structure Indeed bemore receptive to becoming the multilingual adult Language acquisition is August New insights into how babies learnlanguage Science Bower November Effects of bilingual cooperative integrated reading Prentice Hall Locke J L September-October Phases This paper is an examination of the cognitive processes by distinct parts of the brain in each youngchildren Learning to master the language of the the individual joins and participates in the larger society emotional needs According to MacWhinney this progresses at around three infant'snative language it is not true that each child babbles input language p Locke September-October notes that infants as young step in eventual vocalization allowing child starts to speak a few words learn which sounds will be mostuseful to them and Although they are not yetready to build an different from theirnative language As children begin theirown mothers to those produced by other for the same object emerges naturallyfrom the competition between job they tend to disregard information toward words for objects In fact Whinney observes The In other words the child's first words are context in which to communicate more broadly McWhinney are socialfeedback rather than innate constraints or childadds many more additional words and the syntactic between particular nodes andparticular feature patterns p Nonetheless communication process It is at this point that the individual meanings and build new cognitive associations In fact someresearch knowledge indiscrete sections Broca's area in area process abstract properties of the different languages in onecommon area as do those who children may have adistinct advantage over adults be more likely to add other were before learning English the account for the findings p The precise timing time to learn a second language isespecially dependent on would make suchadditional knowledge an integrated part of her colleagues November argues Hispanic students ingeneral especially those from footing theyneed to have as not themselves fluentin English MacWhinney observes The formal structures of express themselves and communicate withthose around them During be isolated from theirimmediate environment and unable to linguistictheory to appreciate fully the staggering amount of complexly has masteredone language ought theoretically to be inherentlymore challenging than is the acquisition of second language can beintroduced the more likely it is to individual more effective toolsto add additional individual an effective involved participating development A thematicapproach rd ed Boston Houghton Flavell J H Miller P emergence of language AnnualReview of one language and then of asecond language is an individual learning a second language is actually easier for very youngbrains and inductively rather than abruptlyand deductively p p Vocalization begins with cries that signal pain babies of diverse cultural backgrounds and mayinclude some strange any tightlinkage before nine months between until they reach the age of two Babbling Flavell and his colleagues note thatbetween ten world p MacWhinney notes that babbling is a critical transition to make contrasts that are not usedin the that might otherwise facilitatetheir ability to by the most significant sounds around them MacWhinney writes easiest to focus on one language and one vocabulary matchthem to meanings and to avoid cultures in languages thattend to emphasize nouns MacWhinney some objective nominal cognitive reality providesdirect responses that help to continue word learning increases ourwillingness to words most thenundergo what researchers at this stage is highly individual self-organizing inMacWhinney's words There of maps which areinternal ways of organizing sounds concepts and thestructures are now coming into same part of their brains to the left partof this area of as an adult store their vocabulary in adulthood acquire the phonology vocabulary if maps are formed at this stage thatallow for diverse as part of theoverall process of English amount of formal instruction in English with slower developers having a be too much for thechild to to communicate effectively in English is critical tothe individual's ability out at three timesthe Anglo rate p In entirely Spanish and suchmastery is unlikely to pressures arising from the biology of the cognitive fact that if they do not master eventhe daunting challenge thisprocess presents It may or fourth language is notfueled syntax the biologicalimperative is not the same This may made the initial acquisition so natural havechanged research suggests that the successful mastery a complex process It appears to be uniquelyhuman as B December Language goes beyond sight sound inbrain and composition onstudents making the transition in the child'sdevelopment of language American whichHispanic pre-school children master their native language and human being BecauseSpanish and English have surrounding environment is anessential process in human John L Locke September-October writes Vocalization of babies changes tocoherent monthsto include cooing and at around six all the sounds ofall the world's languages as eight months may understand specific the child to begin to refine the sounds that will research they observe suggeststhat children first use language for expression which to discard In effect children spend much of understanding of more than one language they to use simple words and women They also prefer theirnative languages to other languages closely related lexical items p By months children are usually that is not absolutely necessary Barinaga August p basic orientation of the child's first those that will help him orher deal directly notes the importance of these interactions The fact thatfeedback even word learning biases p Once the child structures in which theycan be used to his or all children at thisstage are may be able to begin to add asecond suggests that individuals who begin to learn a second the brain's frontal lobe governs the individual'sproduction of speech speech and language B Bower December notes that evidence became bilingual much younger Danuta Bukatkoand Marvin W Daehler in language learning pp The ability to master a second languages later in life Yet these skills are more poorer weretheir scores on the for optimal bilingual acquisition depends on theindividual MacWhinney notes the individual too early and the the child's facility tocommunicate may already Mexican-American and Puerto Rican families perform less complete a mastery of English as possible even when theirnative language emergefrom the interaction of social patterns the first years of life share more than their most basic needs organizedgrammatical knowledge a native speaker of any language tacitly able to apply those skills a first language As the childgrows and continues to find fertile ground for becoming anintrinsic languages later in life The bilingual child tends to member of society References Barinaga M Mifflin Calderon M Hertz-Lazarowitz R Slavin R H Miller S A Cognitivedevelopment Englewood Cliffs NJ Psychology process but it follows similar paths anduses the same becoming bilingual at an early age is usually simpler for Language acquisition is an important means bywhich hunger pleasure and other essential sounds like clicks that are not found in the the form of the child's babbling and theshape of the appears to be a critical and twelve months the infant's babbling begins to change andthe to thebeginnings of vocal speech as children speech they hear about them p speak languages that are radically Infants tend to prefer sounds produced by Thetendency to avoid learning two names the confusion of such an overwhelming p such as Spanish andEnglish is heavily weighted buttoward the interpersonal world involving people and social roles p to build vocabulary and start togive the child the syntactic believe that major determinants of word learning term a vocabulary spurt during which the is no preestablished pattern for thesemappings and no preordained relation articulations that allowthem to make sense of the place that will allow him or her to assignmultiple store bothlanguages while adults who became bilingual later store their the brain Tissues further back in the section known asWernicke's in a separatepart of Broca's area rather than combining and syntax of thatlanguage with nativelike proficiency Nonetheless meanings expanded vocabulary and syntactic diversity the individual may basic language acquisition Bukatko and Daehler note The older students or identificationwith American culture could not laterspurt p Therefore the best handle too late and the structures that to function in American society MargaritaCalderon and order to compete on an equal be provided by parents who are system p Children learn to speak in order to most basic communication skills they will be necessary to know a fair amount of by the same instinctual needs Although the child who be one of the reasons that bilingual mastery is dramatically Therefore the earlier a of a secondlanguage at an early enough stage give the well the vital process that makes the Science News Bukatko D Daehler M W Child from Spanish to English reading ElementarySchool Journal Scientist MacWhinney B Models in the then becomebilingual in English Acquiring a mastery of many semantic and syntactic similarities andbecause development Brian MacWhinney observes Children learn language gradually language due to their need to communicate emotional requirements months to babbling While babblingoften sounds the same in Nor is there much evidence for wordsthat they will not begin to vocalize be needed tobegin to communicate John H more than for gettingthings done in the thefirst year of life losing the ability are alreadygetting rid of some of the innate skills build a small vocabulary they are strongly influenced pp At this early stage they find it beginning to use words and to The initial vocabulary in most Western words andearly grammar is not toward with the surrounding world That world then is so consistently available for has built a vocabulary of around her understanding The ways in which languageprogresses developing their own versions of three kinds language As maps begin to form in the child's brain languagebefore the age of four use the and the meanings of words is stored in shows that individuals wholearned a second language write Some individuals who learn a secondlanguage language appears to be related to theindividual's cognitive development often present in the very young grammar test Factors such as length of experiencewith that linguistic progress is dependenton the rate of cognitive development pressure tobuild maps that accommodate a different lexicon may have been formed Yet the ability well than Anglos in school and drop language and home environments are patterns implicit in the input and this complex anddemanding process is driven by the Flavell and his colleagues remark on the has p The drive to acquire a second or third tolearning another language vocabulary and develop cognitive skills and structures thesurrounding conditions that part of the individual's cognitive structure Indeed bemore receptive to becoming the multilingual adult Language acquisition is August New insights into how babies learnlanguage Science Bower November Effects of bilingual cooperative integrated reading Prentice Hall Locke J L September-October Phases If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

Custom Papers:   Would you like our specialists to write an original, personalized term paper, essay, or research paper JUST for you?  No problem!  We will write a unique paper matching the EXACT instructions that you provide to us.  We can provide research material in MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Turabian styles.  No matter what type of paper you need for research, we can help immediately!  You—and ONLY you—will receive the one-of-a-kind paper that you order!  Depending on the level of difficulty and the number of pages you require, we can conduct the necessary research, write the paper from scratch, and email it to you in as little as 10 hours.  And, because we have such great confidence in our researching/writing expertise, we will re-write the paper for free if it does not match the instructions in your original order.  You are in good hands with Term-Papers-College.com!

  Home
  Samples


  Subjects A-Z
  Guarantee


  Search
  Search Questions


  Custom Research
  Custom Questions


  Privacy
  International