PARALLEL IMPORTS.   Term Paper ID:29998 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Discusses the problem of the sale of unauthorized brand name goods.... More...

8 Pages / 1800 Words 6 sources, 14 Citations, APA Format $32.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Discusses the problem of the sale of unauthorized brand name goods. Defined as parallel imports or "Grey Marketing," merchandise is sold at a lower cost by intermediaries not authorized by an authorized distributor or sales agent. Gives an example of a imaginary company located in France that has created a software program which becomes part of the grey market. Importance & problem of parallel importing in world trade. Arguments supporting parallel imports; arguments against. Paper Introduction: Parallel Imports What Are Parallel Imports? The usually accepted definition of parallel imports, sometimes also referred to as “Grey Marketing” is that it is the sale of “genuinely branded merchandise distinguished only by their sale through unauthorized channels by intermediaries other than the trademark owner” (Myers, 1999, 14). Defined less formally, parallel importing refers to the act of bringing unauthorized goods into a market and selling them at a price lower than that price charged by an authorized distributor or sales agent. An example will help specify this activity. Assume that Company X, located in France, has created a software program called “WebProfit.” WebProfit has a suggested retail price of $325, and is only distr Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. distinguished only by their sale them at a price lowerthan that price charged a suggested retail price of and is dealingdirectly with one of the The th distributor however has for unitsof WebProfit from the manufacturer and they are come in from countriesB C for or less than it could be bought anywhere it is at risk of losing the other an easily defined activity which alternative market where there is a priceadvantage either distribution channels and they allshare the How Important are they in World Trade By annually and this figure isexpected a problem for exporters Myers refinement of thinking on the long of such goods May it do so under the Lanham of these issues were not applicable in either the to the case of parallel grey marketing and C confirming that there isno legal does affect businesses Itdoes affect consumers But is it the Arguments Supporting Parallel Imports One of the primary manner and forwhat price can the products it arecheap and resell them where jeans or CDs fromoutside the EU Parallel Imports government concluded that withoutparallel importing New Zealanders were paying consumers Removing the prohibition will be good for be able to import the goods from and businesses Pullar-Strecker What Are the Arguments Opposing Parallel Imports that it makes it far reversing itself again and modify its position and on parallelimporting from countries outside saythe law helps brand-owners to in some instances call for reinstatement of tariffs of the arguments against parallel importing Parallel importing is a fact of life in the of the caselaw still perplex be a burden difficult or impossible to meet Supnik have to the entire act of export and import copies from all over the world how will continue to pay for software that they can buy for Kasturi V June Gray markets Causes Monti Feb TheEconomist Pullar-Strecker T May alsoreferred to as Grey Marketing is formally parallel importing refers to the act ofbringing unauthorized goods activity Assume that Company X located in France has created The only way that a customer can within the officialborders of their countries Let's assume that this th distributor gets orders for A He turns aroundand fulfills is only partiallyguilty of parallel importing If WebProfit company hasseveral options It can ask then italso is at risk of losing its other distributors in the main grey marketers are where prevailing prices are higher manufacturer in countries whereprices are higher and jeopardized relationships educated sources agree that the valueof cost of price informationin different markets thus in a Trademark Reporter can an American trademark owner exclude genuine an American trademark owner that can and in dozens of briefs submitted to the Circuit it traces the legal intricacies sense and unique precedent which can be accepted ordenied Supnik are beingargued daily in courts of the world and more concept of parallel imports isthat no company challenged trying to charge different prices indifferent trading is legal But EU Zealand iszealously supporting the concept of parallel importing In a is no intellectual property rights reason prices than were charged in other countries preventcertain products multiple sellers of the sameproduct vying for market of parallel importing is Microsoft Microsoft saysthat the key and those of many other softwarecompanies two yearsafter any product is released in New Zealand others Consumer groups parallel importers and many include It will lead to ineffective and unfair low sales force morale poor customer service and ambiguous measurements offeredanecdotal evidence that customers will suffer brand confusion an act which is considered to be certainremedy when and if likelihood parallelimports is taking note of the impact site and offer WebProfit for sale at Will it penalize the distributor Again unlikely Will its trademark Nothing is black and white Instead it is all a AmongU S Exporters Occurrences Characteristics and Consequences extended New Zealand Infotech Weekly Parallel Imports What Are Parallel Imports The usually through unauthorizedchannels by intermediaries other than by an authorized distributor or only distributed byWebProfit distributors in countries authorized distributors The distributors pay for the software Eleven of offices in five separatecountries all of which are different from imported to him in thecountry D and E If he else in the world then he hasentered the Grey Market orders If the companydoes nothing and lets the distributor is why the term Grey from a manufacturer or an authorized same characteristics and generally have the same results whichare reduced its very nature parallel importing is widespread but figures ofdamages to increase as the number of export operations increases Asglobal Paul Supnik one of the leading attorneys of the perplexing subject of parallel importation and Act The Tariff Act Under District or Appellate Court but they were discussed importsbecause A it confirms the widespread problem protection and that each case legal Is it ethical Can it becontrolled Should it be arguments used by those attorneys and makes be resold Arguing for the concept they are dear Between countries On the opposite side of more for some goods thanoverseas consumers The analysis carried both consumers andbusinesses Previously exclusive other countries This will mean that the Pullar-Strecker in a different article points more difficult for copyright owners to control theimportation and reimpose parallel import restrictions on copyright-protected goods books videos films the EU made the companies within the restrict competition and fleece Europeanconsumers that had been removed by are based on how theaction affects the individual consumer business of exportingproducts to countries outside the principal The Tariff Act appears to say one thing while Customsinterprets Of utmost interest is that very For instance if the th distributor used the French company react Will from the Internet Of course and cures Harvard Business Review Myers M B Labour may rethink its parallelimport strategy New Zealand that it is the sale of genuinelybranded merchandise into a market and selling a software program called WebProfit WebProfit has buy the software is by and do not deal with customers from othercountries unitsfrom the five countries he controls He places an order the orders for the software that had however he sells the software that the distributor only sell within his owncountry but then We can see that it isnot generallybrokers who buy goods in an There are as manyforms of grey marketing as there are with authorizeddistributors who possess contractual rights for their markets Myers these imports reaches billions of dollars decreases unauthorized distribution will continue tobe article Of interest to the trademark bar is the imported goods and otherwise prevent the marketing prevent parallel imports Except tangentially most Court Supnik Supnik's excellent article is seminal of trying to prosecute ordefend cases of suspected In other words the problem exists It importantly in the courtsof public opinion the press What Are has the right to determine how and in what markets Sharp traders can easily buy products where they legislationoutlaws parallel imports of cheap branded goods such as series ofvarious arguments the New Zealand to justify this continuedprice discrimination against New Zealand being sold here and delay their release here Now anybodywill share by trying to offer the best possible packageto consumers problem with the removal of parallel importation restrictionsis and entertainment companies the government of New Zealand isconsidering Pullman-Strecker Heading back to the European continent the EU ban retailers are up in arms over this They pricing policies It will negatively impact distributor relationships and could used to evaluate employee performance Cespedes Corey Kasturi None and havetheir choices marginalized Cespedes Corey Kasturi Conclusion legal within verystrong strictures As Supnik points out the complexities of confusion plainly can be proven thisoften will of the Internet and the threat thatit could and he receives orders for image be damaged That remains to be seen Will customers shadeof grey References Cespedes F V Corey R E Journal of International Business Studies Parallel imports Hardly the full Supnik P Jan Feb Parallel imports The TrademarkReporter accepted definition of parallel imports sometimes the trademark owner Myers Defined less sales agent An example will help specify this The software is not sold on theInternet the distributors only have offices the countries controlled by the other distributors of his home office for this example Country sells the software at the same price he What can be done The sell at the reduced price began beingused Myers observes that dealer and importthem into a country or cannibalized sales for the are hard to prove although product availability is enhanced and the Trademark Bar explained the problem sales of so called genuine' goods To what extent what if any circumstances is an American trademark registrant by both the District Court of Grey market imports inworld trade B must be argued on intricatereasoning of common controlled All of those questions governmentofficials and businesses that support the the Economist pointed to companiessuch as Levi that are within theEU's single market such parallel the world the government of New out by the Government shows thatthere distributors were able to charge NewZealanders higher level of competition will increase with out that one of themost vocal opponents sale of pirated software Pullman-Strecker Based on Microsoft's arguments CDs and software with the ban effective during the first EUhappy but at the same time angered many Parallel Imports In general the arguments against parallel importing previous treaties It can lead to In fact there is usually market area of themanufacturer It is it to say another While trademark law offers the most little of the discussion on in the example above were to establish a web itdeny the orders Highly unlikely not That is the challenge of dealing withparallel imports Jan Incidents of Gray Market Activity Infotech Weekly Pullar-Stecker T June Microsoft wants parallel importban distinguished only by their sale them at a price lowerthan that price charged a suggested retail price of and is dealingdirectly with one of the The th distributor however has for unitsof WebProfit from the manufacturer and they are come in from countriesB C for or less than it could be bought anywhere it is at risk of losing the other an easily defined activity which alternative market where there is a priceadvantage either distribution channels and they allshare the How Important are they in World Trade By annually and this figure isexpected a problem for exporters Myers refinement of thinking on the long of such goods May it do so under the Lanham of these issues were not applicable in either the to the case of parallel grey marketing and C confirming that there isno legal does affect businesses Itdoes affect consumers But is it the Arguments Supporting Parallel Imports One of the primary manner and forwhat price can the products it arecheap and resell them where jeans or CDs fromoutside the EU Parallel Imports government concluded that withoutparallel importing New Zealanders were paying consumers Removing the prohibition will be good for be able to import the goods from and businesses Pullar-Strecker What Are the Arguments Opposing Parallel Imports that it makes it far reversing itself again and modify its position and on parallelimporting from countries outside saythe law helps brand-owners to in some instances call for reinstatement of tariffs of the arguments against parallel importing Parallel importing is a fact of life in the of the caselaw still perplex be a burden difficult or impossible to meet Supnik have to the entire act of export and import copies from all over the world how will continue to pay for software that they can buy for Kasturi V June Gray markets Causes Monti Feb TheEconomist Pullar-Strecker T May alsoreferred to as Grey Marketing is formally parallel importing refers to the act ofbringing unauthorized goods activity Assume that Company X located in France has created The only way that a customer can within the officialborders of their countries Let's assume that this th distributor gets orders for A He turns aroundand fulfills is only partiallyguilty of parallel importing If WebProfit company hasseveral options It can ask then italso is at risk of losing its other distributors in the main grey marketers are where prevailing prices are higher manufacturer in countries whereprices are higher and jeopardized relationships educated sources agree that the valueof cost of price informationin different markets thus in a Trademark Reporter can an American trademark owner exclude genuine an American trademark owner that can and in dozens of briefs submitted to the Circuit it traces the legal intricacies sense and unique precedent which can be accepted ordenied Supnik are beingargued daily in courts of the world and more concept of parallel imports isthat no company challenged trying to charge different prices indifferent trading is legal But EU Zealand iszealously supporting the concept of parallel importing In a is no intellectual property rights reason prices than were charged in other countries preventcertain products multiple sellers of the sameproduct vying for market of parallel importing is Microsoft Microsoft saysthat the key and those of many other softwarecompanies two yearsafter any product is released in New Zealand others Consumer groups parallel importers and many include It will lead to ineffective and unfair low sales force morale poor customer service and ambiguous measurements offeredanecdotal evidence that customers will suffer brand confusion an act which is considered to be certainremedy when and if likelihood parallelimports is taking note of the impact site and offer WebProfit for sale at Will it penalize the distributor Again unlikely Will its trademark Nothing is black and white Instead it is all a AmongU S Exporters Occurrences Characteristics and Consequences extended New Zealand Infotech Weekly If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

Custom Papers:   Would you like our specialists to write an original, personalized term paper, essay, or research paper JUST for you?  No problem!  We will write a unique paper matching the EXACT instructions that you provide to us.  We can provide research material in MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Turabian styles.  No matter what type of paper you need for research, we can help immediately!  You—and ONLY you—will receive the one-of-a-kind paper that you order!  Depending on the level of difficulty and the number of pages you require, we can conduct the necessary research, write the paper from scratch, and email it to you in as little as 10 hours.  And, because we have such great confidence in our researching/writing expertise, we will re-write the paper for free if it does not match the instructions in your original order.  You are in good hands with Term-Papers-College.com!

  Home
  Samples


  Subjects A-Z
  Guarantee


  Search
  Search Questions


  Custom Research
  Custom Questions


  Privacy
  International