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Paper Abstract: Examines Jewish and Christian interpretations of Hebrew Bible chapter. Historical and cultural background of scripture commentary. Jewish exegesis. The Midrash. Rabbinical commentary. Development of Christian exegesis in the apostolic period. Scripture relevant to Christianity if it was prophetic of Jesus. Concept of Christian truth. Augustine's "Confessions." Paper Introduction: This research examines early Jewish and Christian interpretations of the first chapter of the book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. The research will set forth the historical and cultural background in which Jewish and Christian scripture commentary arose and then discuss the basis for differences of interpretation of the Hebrew that began in the Christian era and that continued through the Middle Ages, with particular reference to Genesis 1.1-31. Jewish exegesis involves a complex interpenetration of scriptural texts and commentaries that have different emphases, and it involves a specialized vocabulary. The big picture of Jewish exegesis is that over a period of about 1,000 years rabbinical figures known as tannaim compiled texts and commentaries that were to be collectively identified as the Midra Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. which Jewish andChristian scripture commentary arose a complex interpenetration of scripturaltexts and commentaries as tannaim compiledtexts and commentaries that to written form atroughly the which deals with religious law ritual and AD by Judah ha-Nasi and is the codification of Jewishscripture and law were undoubtedly aware Jewish or Hellenistic There is Persian rabbinic talmuds give anaccount of Jesus although unnamed student iii Kalmin's reading nature of such contact Later Palestinian and Babylonian sources in avoiding their corrosive influence Later however namely to convince Jews to keep linguistically parsed Peshat pashat refers to distinguishes peshat as referring to literalexegesis and derash show how Jesus fulfilled amplified or departedfrom Jewish tradition and fulfillment of old religious tradition andthe founder of a Christianfathers who almost total ly disregard ed the literal the Christian fulfillmentand eclipse of Jewish tradition began with the God created them at the beginning and there it in the universe that you made exist XII ix Thusfar Augustine explains God's absolute agency in x What lends that conclusion significance is the Christianequivalence and the Word was God He was John directly at this point nevertheless makes the point that the myth of Elohim power of the word which in primitivethought new spiritual idea and on the figure This is your Word which is also the creation the Word was with God to grasp the concept of that Rashicommented only on texts in which any narrative agadot both of which he feels free to to havetaken the position that as a point ofdeparture for commentary This is important The approach used by Rashi to make the text fit the halakha whether linguistics and grammar based on narrative non-halakhiticmidrash texts agadot xvi Maori who observes that of the text with the interpretations of Ibn Ezra'sGenesis very much tracks with the familiar canonical God created In the beginning of God's creating into the visible upon the face of the deep darkness and water and the wind our image after our presence of the to create Now let us make air and over the is incorporeal and creepeth upon the earth So that fills for I the Creator am created he him male the earth and over every small animal that goes female aspect God created them The creative view of the image andlikeness of God is the body by bathing it xix The same is distinctively different forIbn Ezra and be the first articulation of singular says Augustine you teach him the appearance of the Christ world view The advantage of such commentators as Ibn Ezra were Ezra's Genesis Online edition Judaism and Jewish Resources available from Alon Goshen The Body as Image April Maas A J Biblical Exegesis The Catholic Implications for the Teaching of Bible Today Tradition Essays on the Historical and Midrash in Britannica Deluxe Edition CD-ROM ii Ibid iii Richard Jewish Exegetes toPeshat and Derash Contribution ofthe Jews of Spain and St Augustine trans Rex Warner New York Mentor A J Maas Biblical Exegesis The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol V April xx Augustine xxi Campbell Genesis in the Hebrew Bible The Christian eraand that continued through the Middle Ages Jewish exegesis is that over aperiod of Christian exegesis of the apostolic and patristic which denotes the exegeticalmethod by which the relevant commentary What iscalled the Mishna translated literally persisted from the Christian apostolic periodthrough Pauline letters are at pains to have the all one in Christ Jesus Gal a dispute with his mentor whereas religious competition E arly Palestinian sources discourage by emphasizing the attractive qualities could be refuted The intent the apostolic period onward the refers to rabbinicalinterpretations of the verse particularly as expressed be said tohave absorbed the moral injunctions of Midrash but consideredextant scripture relevant to the new religion to the degree contain deeper meanings put there inspired by scripture contained a prophecy about Jesus viii to God of how he nor was it in the air or in water until it was made to exist the mechanism ofcreation Thou spakest and they were made and gospel of John In the beginning was the Word and came to be John I Et cetera when God's voicecame from the cloud saying This though tohave created ex nihilo out of nothing its emphasis on the power of the Christian message the origins of the cosmos and man hence to through theflesh xiii That also it is difficult for man approaches to scripturewhen Maori cites Mazrahi's comment on the approach to Rashi there is no sense xiv To put it amplify the apparently literalmeaning of a text The in which scripture i e the own justification This is whyMaori quotes exegete Abraham Ibn Ezra was a synthesizer of exegetical types peshat in character yet declared andpoetical interpretations of the text notes that commentators on that renders the literal sense faithfully withoutexcluding being puton the text Verse King James earth was without form boundaries forming land The dry land was an empty the face of let us make man God the that which is in their inherent is with a soul that every is eternal incorporeal and fills image the sea over the birds in the sky over eternal incorporeal soul that fills the body God created as its own spiritual justificaton With regardto translation of image inrabbinic literature the basis for the Creation that isproperly celebrated as being present when God makes man In Let us make man plural truth wasinevitable from the very nor free butonly the community of faith as will arise around it On old religioncontinued to resonate without acquiescing Penguin Dimitrovsky Haim Zalman S v Talmud and Deluxe Edition CD-ROM Kalmin Richard Christians and Maori Yeshayahu The Approach of Oxford University Press Sarna Nahum M Hebrew D Barnett New York Valentine Review April iv Ibid passim vi Nahum M Sarna Hebrew and Bible Studies in Medieval Catholic Bible Personal Study Edition New York Oxford University York Penguin xiii Augustine xiv Maori xv The Body as Image of This research examines early Jewish and and then discuss the basis that have different emphases and it involves aspecialized were to be collectively identified as theMidrash This codification of same period of time though the rabbinical project seems tohave doctrine as relevant to behavior and the Haggada which comprehensivecompendium that presents the legal content of the emergence of the newreligion the neither Jew norGreek there is neither slave nor free there they differ because the Babylonian Talmud depicts Jesus of these sources emphasizes theconscious distinction that on the contrary do not portray minut and Christianity as rabbis tried to show how empty and their distance from minim and Christians and thereby to what Maori callsthe plain sense as referring to tropological moral homilies justify the legitimacy of the new one In the following patristic period scripture meaning ofthe text allegory became instrumental in supporting very first texts ofscripture with Genesis In Books XI-XIII was aformless and dark void Certainly the universe because there was no place the creation But thereal conclusion is of the Word with the Christian message embodied in in the beginning with God All tings came immediately proceeds to the confirmational authority God in the priestly version is far from nothing but on the contrary is the of Jesusas the embodiment of the message Christianity makes the Beginning because also Itspeaketh unto us The Son would have the same eternal eternity and of time inconnection with the rabbinical interpretation wouldinevitably be congruent to the plain disregard interpreting the verses according to their plain they had some insight to offer into textualcommentaries because of the fact that thehalakha is a rabbinical interpretation would be less to justify the halakha than to it seems to fit ornot xv the model supplied bybiblical texts Ibn Ezra various medievalcommentators wanted their commentaries on the midrash texts received earlierhalakhitic statements Another view of Ibn Ezra's exegesis of the text However theword choices suggest by the heaven and the earth And God used And sky the invisible spheres and the the Spirit of God blew over the angels The earth likeness and let them have and the cattle and humankind in our image after our over the body just as My and Creator of all indeed I am all female created upon the earth God created humanity in God's principle is emphasized by Ibn also deliberately and literally anthropomorphic and the bodily meaning is must be said of theChristian view with Augustine Ibn Ezra mentions the the Trinity which implies an articulation mankind to see the Trinity of the Unityand the Unity figure Campbell characterizes Paul's insistence on a monolithicconsensus shaping a consensus of faith isthat at pains to provide a differentinterpretive slant on such http www emory edu UDR BLUMENTHAL GenTradIbnEzraRamban html of God in Rabbinic Literature Harvard Theological Review April Encyclopedia Vol V New York Kevin Knight Online Marcheschi Graziano The Pentateuch The Catholic Cultural Contribution of the Jews of Spain Kalmin Christians and Heretics in Rabbinic and Its Implications for the Portugal ed R D Barnett New x Ibid xi Ibid xii Joseph New York Kevin Knight Online Edition available fromhttp www newadvent researchwill set forth the historical and cultural background in with particular reference toGenesis Jewish exegesis involves about years rabbinical figures known periods inpart because the respective exegeses were being reduced oral tradition interprets and elaborates scripturaltext i comprises the Halakha as repeated study was compiledin the third century the Middle Ages and those involved in the new religionencase the old whether Meanwhile Kalmin notesthat ancient Palestinian and Babylonian the Palestinian Talmud describes a dispute between the teacher andan contact with minim and Christians by emphasizing the seductive of heretics underscoring the need for vigilance of both early and later sources is the same methods of Jewish exegesis becameeven more in the interpretivesegments of the midrash Sarna appears in the main tohave been concerned to it wasprophetic of Jesus as both the God vii but not necessarily manifest For the The project of keying the Hebrew Bible to made heaven and earth when as the textindicates Gen since these too belong to heaven and earth nor was For nothing exists except because you in Thy Word Thou madestthem the Word was with God Augustine who does not cite is my beloved Son xi Campbell but rather was always intendedto have described creation from the word to elicit faith in a havingspecial universal significance for all mankind Augustine tightens thatargument makes the Word the Son coeval with who was a being made on thesixth day of time of Rashi Rabbi ShlomoYitzhaqi to exegesis which appears to conclude distinction between legal midrashim and another way Jewish commentators and compilers appear derash in this sense use text law is read and taught Eliyahu's note that none of the commentators is concernedmerely and was responsible for helpingstandardize Hebrew his independence oftraditional interpretations when dealing with Ibn Ezra'swork underwent painful efforts to reconcile his non-traditionalinterpretations xvii the allegorical xviii Indeed a translation of Version Ibn Ezra Gen In the beginning the created and void and darkness was ante-mundane matter the waters waste because it was covered by effortlessly said in the in sea and over the fowl of the power creeping thing that is eternal that in the image of God the universe the domesticated animals over all the human being With a male and a Gen according to Gottstein the rabbinical giving religious value to takingcare of and venerated But the meaning of us at Gen XIII Augustine declares this verse to with And God made man origin of spiritual sensibility and it was onlyclarified by indicative of his own shift from a Phariseeto a Christian the other hand the fact that by the thcentury in the implications of the Word BibliographyBlumenthal David R Ibn Midrash Britannica Deluxe Edition CD-ROM Gottstein Heretics in Rabbinic Literature of Late Antiquity Harvard Theological Review Classical Jewish Exegetes to Peshat and Derash and Its and Bible Studies in Medieval Spain The Sephardi Heritage Notes i Haim Zalman Dimitrovsky Talmud and v Yeshayahu Maori The Approach of Classical Spain TheSephardi Heritage Essays on the Historical and Cultural Press viii Ibid ix Augustine The Confessions of Ibid xvi Sarna passim xvii Maori xviii God in RabbinicLiterature Harvard Theological Review Christian interpretations ofthe first chapter of the book of fordifferences of interpretation of the Hebrew that began in the vocabulary The big picture of text and interpretation by the rabbis can becompared with begun at about BCE The Midrash deals withreligious narratives morality theology and of the oral traditionindependently of scriptural text ii Rabbinical commentary Pharisee Saul specifically distinguished himself from theapostle Paul The is neither male nor female for you are as a rabbi who defected after the rabbis made between Judaism and Christianityin a context of attractive Early rabbis tried to frighten people away unappealing these heresies were and how easily their claims avoid their malevolent influence iv From of the verse v while derash vi Christian exegesis that arose in the apostolic period can new religion According to Marcheschi the apostolic period of Christianity wasread allegorically and was felt to the view that everyword of of the Confessions Augustineposes the question it was not in the heaven or in the earth for t to be made in that God used divine speech as personifiedby Jesus and echoed in the opening of the to be through him and without him nothing of thesynoptic gospels citing the moment of Jesus's baptism of Genesis was never intended to have been essence of itsthing xii But in a special claim tobeing able to explain He says this in the Gospel speaking status as thefather even though creation Rabbinical scholars took various exegetical sense of the verse W e may conclude that according sense whenever the midrashim are not congruent with the plain that might in certain cases of holy text that is concerned tostandardize the way goto the original source the text as its According to Sarna the Spanish appears to have viewed his interpretations ofhalakhitic texts as asliteral interpretations but in fact were advancing their own linguistic Pentateuch in general andGenesis in particular is emphasis the kind of construction that is natural forces to set the of God moved upon dry waters Gen And God said water have brought forth all dominion over the fish of all the earth and over likeness that Being God created man in his own he them Humanity will have dominion over the fish in image In the image of the angels with an Ezra in both passagescited above and it emerges the only meaning of zelem mankind being a feature of angels the first mention ofthat word in his Genesis of the tripartite monotheistic figure Bypositioning of the Trinity xx In other words Christian xxi where there is neither Jew nor Greek slave it lends strength to the community and the ecclesiastical organizationthat texts as Genesis shows that the Campbell Joseph The Masks of God Occidental Mythology New York Haim Zalman Dimitrovsky Talmud and Midrash in Britannica Edition available from http www newadvent org cathen accessed April Bible Personal Study Edition New York and Portugal Edited by R Literatureof Late Antiquity Harvard Theological Teaching of Bible Today Tradition York Valentine vii Graziano Marcheschi The Pentateuch The Campbell The Masks of God New org cathen accessed April xix Alon Goshen Gottstein which Jewish andChristian scripture commentary arose a complex interpenetration of scripturaltexts and commentaries as tannaim compiledtexts and commentaries that to written form atroughly the which deals with religious law ritual and AD by Judah ha-Nasi and is the codification of Jewishscripture and law were undoubtedly aware Jewish or Hellenistic There is Persian rabbinic talmuds give anaccount of Jesus although unnamed student iii Kalmin's reading nature of such contact Later Palestinian and Babylonian sources in avoiding their corrosive influence Later however namely to convince Jews to keep linguistically parsed Peshat pashat refers to distinguishes peshat as referring to literalexegesis and derash show how Jesus fulfilled amplified or departedfrom Jewish tradition and fulfillment of old religious tradition andthe founder of a Christianfathers who almost total ly disregard ed the literal the Christian fulfillmentand eclipse of Jewish tradition began with the God created them at the beginning and there it in the universe that you made exist XII ix Thusfar Augustine explains God's absolute agency in x What lends that conclusion significance is the Christianequivalence and the Word was God He was John directly at this point nevertheless makes the point that the myth of Elohim power of the word which in primitivethought new spiritual idea and on the figure This is your Word which is also the creation the Word was with God to grasp the concept of that Rashicommented only on texts in which any narrative agadot both of which he feels free to to havetaken the position that as a point ofdeparture for commentary This is important The approach used by Rashi to make the text fit the halakha whether linguistics and grammar based on narrative non-halakhiticmidrash texts agadot xvi Maori who observes that of the text with the interpretations of Ibn Ezra'sGenesis very much tracks with the familiar canonical God created In the beginning of God's creating into the visible upon the face of the deep darkness and water and the wind our image after our presence of the to create Now let us make air and over the is incorporeal and creepeth upon the earth So that fills for I the Creator am created he him male the earth and over every small animal that goes female aspect God created them The creative view of the image andlikeness of God is the body by bathing it xix The same is distinctively different forIbn Ezra and be the first articulation of singular says Augustine you teach him the appearance of the Christ world view The advantage of such commentators as Ibn Ezra were Ezra's Genesis Online edition Judaism and Jewish Resources available from Alon Goshen The Body as Image April Maas A J Biblical Exegesis The Catholic Implications for the Teaching of Bible Today Tradition Essays on the Historical and Midrash in Britannica Deluxe Edition CD-ROM ii Ibid iii Richard Jewish Exegetes toPeshat and Derash Contribution ofthe Jews of Spain and St Augustine trans Rex Warner New York Mentor A J Maas Biblical Exegesis The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol V April xx Augustine xxi Campbell Genesis in the Hebrew Bible The Christian eraand that continued through the Middle Ages Jewish exegesis is that over aperiod of Christian exegesis of the apostolic and patristic which denotes the exegeticalmethod by which the relevant commentary What iscalled the Mishna translated literally persisted from the Christian apostolic periodthrough Pauline letters are at pains to have the all one in Christ Jesus Gal a dispute with his mentor whereas religious competition E arly Palestinian sources discourage by emphasizing the attractive qualities could be refuted The intent the apostolic period onward the refers to rabbinicalinterpretations of the verse particularly as expressed be said tohave absorbed the moral injunctions of Midrash but consideredextant scripture relevant to the new religion to the degree contain deeper meanings put there inspired by scripture contained a prophecy about Jesus viii to God of how he nor was it in the air or in water until it was made to exist the mechanism ofcreation Thou spakest and they were made and gospel of John In the beginning was the Word and came to be John I Et cetera when God's voicecame from the cloud saying This though tohave created ex nihilo out of nothing its emphasis on the power of the Christian message the origins of the cosmos and man hence to through theflesh xiii That also it is difficult for man approaches to scripturewhen Maori cites Mazrahi's comment on the approach to Rashi there is no sense xiv To put it amplify the apparently literalmeaning of a text The in which scripture i e the own justification This is whyMaori quotes exegete Abraham Ibn Ezra was a synthesizer of exegetical types peshat in character yet declared andpoetical interpretations of the text notes that commentators on that renders the literal sense faithfully withoutexcluding being puton the text Verse King James earth was without form boundaries forming land The dry land was an empty the face of let us make man God the that which is in their inherent is with a soul that every is eternal incorporeal and fills image the sea over the birds in the sky over eternal incorporeal soul that fills the body God created as its own spiritual justificaton With regardto translation of image inrabbinic literature the basis for the Creation that isproperly celebrated as being present when God makes man In Let us make man plural truth wasinevitable from the very nor free butonly the community of faith as will arise around it On old religioncontinued to resonate without acquiescing Penguin Dimitrovsky Haim Zalman S v Talmud and Deluxe Edition CD-ROM Kalmin Richard Christians and Maori Yeshayahu The Approach of Oxford University Press Sarna Nahum M Hebrew D Barnett New York Valentine Review April iv Ibid passim vi Nahum M Sarna Hebrew and Bible Studies in Medieval Catholic Bible Personal Study Edition New York Oxford University York Penguin xiii Augustine xiv Maori xv The Body as Image of If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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