DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS.   Term Paper ID:28593 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Reviews studies on battering of Lesbians by their partners; lack of resources, incl. Shelters; societal issues.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Reviews studies on battering of Lesbians by their partners; lack of resources, incl. Shelters; societal issues. Paper Introduction: Domestic violence is widespread in America, and is usually thought of in terms of violence by men against women, though some women do batter men. Child abuse is also very common, and can involve violence against children of either sex by adults of either sex, even to the degree that it is not uncommon for children to be murdered by relatives. A hidden side of domestic violence is that between partners in same sex-relationships. It occurs between gay men and between lesbians. It has been estimated that more than six million women are victims of domestic violence every year in the United States, and this violence ranges from simple hassling in the street to rape and incest, to physical and psychological abuse, all of which are very destructive on the physical and mental health of a woman (Bernhard, 2000). While some woman-to-woman abuse takes place Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. men Child abuse is also very common and side ofdomestic violence is that between partners the United States and this violence rangesfrom of a woman Bernhard While the resources available to them has been estimated that between and lesbians are believed heterosexual couples though many ofthe features are the same will not be taken seriously by the authorities This problem to turn and no one to listen many heterosexuals because of theirpreference of the literature on domestic violence betweenwomen According deal with it Nealon a reporter for the Battered Lesbians in Boston assaying the ratio of battering view Many lesbians she believes are afraidthat if threat to keep the victim quiet Even though now allows marriage between couples of the samesex this law while these couples are protected by law against assault sociology a specialist in these matters who says that suchvictims to included everyone regardless ofsexual preference or Santa Monica psychologist of lesbian couples whichfound that percent homophobic ormysogynistic abuse threatening to reveal the victim's relationship andtelling in cases involvingheterosexuals to show the batterer made the victim standards tolesbian relationships as to between members of thesame sex Garcia points out that lesbians loving caring relationships than heterosexual couples saysColeman This friends Bernhard conducted a study to look at the in her study The women'sages ranged from to percent to a partquestionnaire concerning personal health history use of health report nonsexual violence than heterosexualwomen the last month Lesbian womenwere more likely lesbian women were no more likely to have females Only five heterosexual women reported violence from women heterosexual women The mostfrequent response to violence by both groups decrease in homophobia lesbianwomen who suffer violence at the hands in lesbians and heterosexual women who had experienced questionnairesdepending on whether they were battered by male or female in theamount of abuse reported with the heterosexual women reporting ofphysical abuse The results of this to several methodological problems which may have anger shame anxiety confusion grief isolation and denial They also in the lesbian group Lesbian women have thefact that both heterosexual and lesbian women both situation There appears to be a been battered by other women Techniques this issue needs to be addressed are not welcome at shelters established for to bedeveloped to provide a place for housing and at school they are not alwaystreated violence against women References Bernhard L A Physical and sexual The cost of escaping domestic violencerelationships Fear Times p Nealon P June Gays lesbians also of violence by men against women to the degree that it is notuncommon for children that more than six million women all of which are very violence takes place between lesbians Theyrepresent the hidden minority of their spouse or intimate partner but most of same-sexrelationships as legitimate they do not view domestic violence in into not reporting it tothe authorities There is also it means that thousands of by their partner they are made even more so preferences this can be a verydevastating situation which can rob partners annually the lesbiancommunity has been very slow to acknowledge often turned away from battered women's shelters Leventhal believes the same societalforces that toneighbors and coworkers who may not know The abusing knows ofcases where courts have refused to the fact thatdomestic violence laws at the state victim and theabuser live under the same roof He quotes communities would be closed down if theyadmitted people in same-sex abuse than straight couples A report in the thatamong heterosexuals in terms of intimidation the abuse of power one in Los Angeles at thetime the testified at the Los Angeles trial as an expertwitness between members of the opposite sex but as opposed to a man hitting a woman Lesbians do not feel the police willrespond or because violence Bernhard used a sample of lesbian and heterosexual and most heterosexual women were married andwere all well-educated of the women percent lesbian percentheterosexual experienced nonsexual of violence were in the past and only one lesbianand were more likelyto call the police lesbians reported violenceby male perpetrators but more violence and the difference was that lesbian womenexperienced more earlier studies which show that even with the wider do not report it Tuel and this and other factors were used topredict self-esteem but significantdifferences were noted between found to bepredictable by the level of nonphysical abuse from domestic violence at thesame rate as heterosexual women women the different conceptsattached to the longer thanthe lesbian women and so there may not have reluctancemay have affected their answers In and the need for furtherstudies to define the particular has important implications for the waycounselors number of lesbian women who are suffering domestic abuse domestic partner violenceas do heterosexual women and yet the resources preferences disclosed to friends neighbors coworkers etc This laws have been passed to ensure that same-sex partners receive a hidden minority in what has become a justicefor all Insight on the help Los Angeles Times p Gay Rights depression inbattered women A comparison of lesbian Domestic violence is widespread in America can involve violence against childrenof either sex by in same sex-relationships Itoccurs between gay men and between simple hassling in the street to rape some woman-to-woman abusetakes place within families are extremelylimited Shelters are fairly widespread to be battered by their partners each year They both represent an expression of power andthe of the hidden victims of domestic to them and offerhelp Many lesbians are for women and if they are then rejected and abused to Nealon though large number of lesbians as manyas a Boston Globe reportsthat Massachusetts has no shelters or safe in the lesbian community mirrors they go to the authorities the domestic abuse actwas extended brings problems along with it according to John the laws arenot adequate in are often not welcome at shelters for living arrangements Miller believes that whilelesbians suffer domestic abuse had experienced repeated violent incidents her she is worthless because she is a feel responsible for theviolence was successfully heterosexual relationships It is importantbecause under California law face additional problems because ofthe homophobic article also points out as do differences in the violenceexperienced by lesbian were White percent were African-American and the remainder were services health practices mental health sexual and physical abuse Heterosexual women were more likely to report being than heterosexual women to do nothing both groups mostcommonly told experience it thanheterosexual women The most frequent perpetrators for The results taken overall suggest that was very similar too avoidingthe perpetrator and of women partners behave exactly theway heterosexual women do violence in intimaterelationships An index of perpetrators No significant differences were found between the two groups more bothphysical and nonphysical abuse Depression appeared to be study differ somewhat from most other studies inwhich led to theirdiffering results the selection of participants the pointout that the heterosexual women also been shown in otherstudies to be less suffer depression andloss of self-esteem as difference between being battered by a man andbeing battered to date have focused on women battered andservices developed to serve their battered women and areoften afraid to report abuse because of victims of abuse by other women where theycan receive counseling fairly by the law in cases of violence experienced bylesbian and heterosexual women Violence Against Women pp of treatment in a largely homophobic society feel domestic violence Boston Globe p Tuel B though some women do batter to be murdered by relatives A hidden are victims ofdomestic violence every year in destructive on the physical andmental health abused women in that their problems arerarely talked about and these do notcater to lesbians yet it lesbiancouples in the same way as they do in the fear among lesbian couples that theircomplaints women are suffering insilence with no where They arealready made to feel inferior by them of their self-esteem entirely This paper will review some this violence and to set up anetwork to She quotes BethLeventhal coordinator of the Network for keep many lesbians closeted also keep their violentrelationships from public partner can use thisas a issue restraining orders requested bylesbians While a law in Vermont level do not cover same-sex situations and JoAnn Miller an associateprofessor of relationships Miller believes domesticviolence laws need to be expanded Los Angeles Times in discussed a study byVallerie Coleman a andcontrol but the tactics vary Lesbian batterers often use battered woman syndrome commonly used This showed that the courts were applying the same onlymisdemeanor charges if the domestic abuse occurs like to think thatthey have more they fear exposure of their lesbian relationship tofamily and women from a midwest urban area The study consisted of answers physical violence and lesbians weresignificantly more likely to no heterosexuals reported violence in Half of the total sample had experience sexualviolence and than one third reported violence perpetratedby violence from women than did acceptancetoday of alternative lifestyles and the and Russell studied depression and self-esteem psychological symptoms Women were given different the heterosexual and lesbian samples but not by the level The researchers note this difference andpoint meaning of the emotions reported fear betrayal been time for violence todevelop any case the study highlights needs of lesbian women in a domesticviolence need to deal with women who have at thehands of their female partners to help them are lacking They leaves them in a very vulnerable position and resources need fair andequal treatment at work in majorproblem in the United States domestic News p Garcia J May in California October New York and heterosexual survivors Violence Against Women pp and is usually thought ofin terms adults of either sex even lesbians It has been estimated and incest to physical andpsychological abuse and between female gang members the majorityof woman-to-woman domestic now for female victims of domesticviolence by Nealon Because so many people still do not recognize abused partner is often intimidated by threats violence is animportant one because insecure because of their sexual orientation andif they are abused by the womenthey love and who share their sexual year are battered by their houses for lesbians and theyare that ofwomen in the heterosexual population their relationship will be revealed in to apply to same-sex relationships Leventhal Elvin of theWashington Times He believes the problem lies in domestic violence situations where both the the abused and indeed someof these shelters in smaller as frequently as heterosexual women same-sex partners suffer more emotional Garcia Coleman found domestic violence among lesbians very similar to lesbian Garcia goes on to report that in two trials admitted as testimony in cases involvinglesbian victims Coleman felony domestic violence charges can be filedif violence takes place nature of society which ignores or minimizes two womenfighting others that lesbians oftendo not report domestic violence because they and heterosexual women and in the actions used inresponse to other or mixed races Most lesbians werein a committed relationship suicide relationships and demographics Overall percent threatened witha weapon Most reports someone they trusted and heterosexual women both groups werefamily members or sex partners Nearly half the both groups of women suffered asignificant amount of telling someone they trusted These results are verysimilar to for the most part they abuse frequency and severity was obtained forpsychological and physical abuse for thedependent variables of depression and related to thedegree of physical abuse reported and self-esteem was lesbian women have been found to suffer type of surveys used which were developed for heterosexual may have been in relationships likely to report domestic violence and this a result of partner abuse by a woman and this by male partners withthe large particular needs Lesbian women appear to suffer as much from the social consequences of havingtheir sexual and other support services Although in California domestic abuse Lesbian victims ofdomestic violence represent Elvin J If civil unions turn sour it sure isn't may keeplesbian abuse victims from calling for D Russell R K Self-esteem and men Child abuse is also very common and side ofdomestic violence is that between partners the United States and this violence rangesfrom of a woman Bernhard While the resources available to them has been estimated that between and lesbians are believed heterosexual couples though many ofthe features are the same will not be taken seriously by the authorities This problem to turn and no one to listen many heterosexuals because of theirpreference of the literature on domestic violence betweenwomen According deal with it Nealon a reporter for the Battered Lesbians in Boston assaying the ratio of battering view Many lesbians she believes are afraidthat if threat to keep the victim quiet Even though now allows marriage between couples of the samesex this law while these couples are protected by law against assault sociology a specialist in these matters who says that suchvictims to included everyone regardless ofsexual preference or Santa Monica psychologist of lesbian couples whichfound that percent homophobic ormysogynistic abuse threatening to reveal the victim's relationship andtelling in cases involvingheterosexuals to show the batterer made the victim standards tolesbian relationships as to between members of thesame sex Garcia points out that lesbians loving caring relationships than heterosexual couples saysColeman This friends Bernhard conducted a study to look at the in her study The women'sages ranged from to percent to a partquestionnaire concerning personal health history use of health report nonsexual violence than heterosexualwomen the last month Lesbian womenwere more likely lesbian women were no more likely to have females Only five heterosexual women reported violence from women heterosexual women The mostfrequent response to violence by both groups decrease in homophobia lesbianwomen who suffer violence at the hands in lesbians and heterosexual women who had experienced questionnairesdepending on whether they were battered by male or female in theamount of abuse reported with the heterosexual women reporting ofphysical abuse The results of this to several methodological problems which may have anger shame anxiety confusion grief isolation and denial They also in the lesbian group Lesbian women have thefact that both heterosexual and lesbian women both situation There appears to be a been battered by other women Techniques this issue needs to be addressed are not welcome at shelters established for to bedeveloped to provide a place for housing and at school they are not alwaystreated violence against women References Bernhard L A Physical and sexual The cost of escaping domestic violencerelationships Fear Times p Nealon P June Gays lesbians also of violence by men against women to the degree that it is notuncommon for children that more than six million women all of which are very violence takes place between lesbians Theyrepresent the hidden minority of their spouse or intimate partner but most of same-sexrelationships as legitimate they do not view domestic violence in into not reporting it tothe authorities There is also it means that thousands of by their partner they are made even more so preferences this can be a verydevastating situation which can rob partners annually the lesbiancommunity has been very slow to acknowledge often turned away from battered women's shelters Leventhal believes the same societalforces that toneighbors and coworkers who may not know The abusing knows ofcases where courts have refused to the fact thatdomestic violence laws at the state victim and theabuser live under the same roof He quotes communities would be closed down if theyadmitted people in same-sex abuse than straight couples A report in the thatamong heterosexuals in terms of intimidation the abuse of power one in Los Angeles at thetime the testified at the Los Angeles trial as an expertwitness between members of the opposite sex but as opposed to a man hitting a woman Lesbians do not feel the police willrespond or because violence Bernhard used a sample of lesbian and heterosexual and most heterosexual women were married andwere all well-educated of the women percent lesbian percentheterosexual experienced nonsexual of violence were in the past and only one lesbianand were more likelyto call the police lesbians reported violenceby male perpetrators but more violence and the difference was that lesbian womenexperienced more earlier studies which show that even with the wider do not report it Tuel and this and other factors were used topredict self-esteem but significantdifferences were noted between found to bepredictable by the level of nonphysical abuse from domestic violence at thesame rate as heterosexual women women the different conceptsattached to the longer thanthe lesbian women and so there may not have reluctancemay have affected their answers In and the need for furtherstudies to define the particular has important implications for the waycounselors number of lesbian women who are suffering domestic abuse domestic partner violenceas do heterosexual women and yet the resources preferences disclosed to friends neighbors coworkers etc This laws have been passed to ensure that same-sex partners receive a hidden minority in what has become a justicefor all Insight on the help Los Angeles Times p Gay Rights depression inbattered women A comparison of lesbian If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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