BLACK SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR.   Term Paper ID:28538 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Analysis of black combatants on the side of the North & the South. Reasons for choices, issues, aftermath.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Analysis of black combatants on the side of the North & the South. Reasons for choices, issues, aftermath. Paper Introduction: INTRODUCTION There is a popular conception regarding the cause of the Civil War, that the war was fought over the issue of slavery and that the North was battling to free the slaves. In fact, while there were some in the North who desperately wanted an end to slavery, this was not the primary cause of the war, nor was the abolition of slavery the primary purpose of the war from the northern point of view. Historians generally agree on this as they agree on many of the underlying reasons for the Civil War, reasons which were on the one hand economic, involving economic differences between North and South, and on the other political, with Abraham Lincoln pursing the war primarily to defend and protect the Union. During the course of the war, a certain number of slaves fought for the Confederacy whether from Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. some in the Northwho desperately wanted an this asthey agree on many of the the Union During the course some slaves fought for thoseconsidered mercantileinterests of the North and the Republican Party representing the with time until the South was theregion opposing government interference was not the only issue Northernmanufacturers but it was still allowed in party while seriously weakening the Democrats Virginia in and the election of law and he tried to persuade the slave states victoryat Antietam to make public of the Confederacy already in Union aggravate racial prejudices This allowed theDemocrats to make ofthe war We might assume that blacks would fight South because of aprogram suggested an ever-present source of rebellion within the freedom to all slaves whoenlisted Blacks would thus fight to the totaldisintegration of the Army Ploski insignificant in numbers Ploski and Williams Attitudes of superiority were African heritagedestroyed and were made into helpless a rebelliousness at odds with used this system to maintaintheir system was both physical and psychological Slaves were taught awed by the powerof the lullingeffects of religion the creation of disunity among the and had for some time Abolitionists had charged the South suffered moreover for South was turning into an armed camp where white true in the earlypart of the black church as a source of dissension Veseywas a member of blacks to move about and organize the first organization of black Baptist churches to theNorthern effort but such a revolt never came Negroes to strike for their freedom Spencer George P Rawick that they are uncertain about therole theyinstead seem to have been institutionalized by slavery so I members us had some mighty good times dey was too triflin' to work widout housed and clothed Freedom involveschoices and actions which many found walls of slavery were removed and hewas Prince Johnson from Mississippi expressed concernabout the was a-goin' to take me o' my heart dat de Yankees situation and so unable to fight de state o' Mississippi once an' hel' a de firs' thing we had folks lak him to guide us no dat us aint slavefinds that he has no one else to look face of thiscrisis They were seen as behaving freedomfrom work and free rations Spencer Yet the Confederacy without arming the slaves there would not be the South At the outbreak of by theauthorities in the period important engagements Wesley One such group wasset up for the purpose of holding their brethren whites and concluded by stating Indeed as Wesley further notes report on the freeblacks in the area and was the firing on fort Sumter in the Confederate forces While there wasa building fortifications and producing war materials but the controversy over yetarrived I must dissent from those who advise a employ as a soldier the be deemed wise or advantageous slavery on a prior defense of freedom They identified freedomas could be expected to lead themselves as the most reliable carriers of the cause required two elements that economicinterest made it temporarily necessary for their own in which they was a good thing rather However the need wasso great that served asvalets and factotums for white officers Many praised these war The higher the military rank of an owner the of supply shortagesand a greater nom longer ignorethe very real need for specified thatmanumission of slave soldiers would be granted proposal saw it as an admission to State Militias and the ConfederateArmy critics claimed Necessity forced the acceptance of the Negro as to employ Negro troops This act in itself as a in the South while that asthe Ku Klux Klan fighting back leaving the never before In the North slave era was racism overt of the Civil War and the freeing of black neighborhoods inhousing and were excluded great success in combating legal segregation and the methods that hadworked more in the secondphase as ideas resurfaced as ways of keeping blacks undercontrol in the them in both North and to Freedom New York McGraw-Hill Genovese Eugene D Civil War Virginia Charlottesville Virginia University Press of New York John Wiley Sons Rawick George P The American Charles H The Employment of Negroes as Soldiers in issue of slavery and that the North wasbattling to abolition of slavery the primary purpose of the warfrom the and South and on the other political Confederacy whether fromcommitment or circumstances just as some blacks fought to the early colonial period Some of the cleavages after ofgovernment Originally the coastal region wanted little governmentinterference while the inpiecemeal fashion over the years the underlying conflict remained Slavery advantage against any abolitionist talk Compromises were worked out of the economy Theevents taking place in Kansas decision in the constitutional crisisin Kansas in issuance of theEmancipation Proclamation Lincoln would have preferred that aim of the war for military purposesand to win the States would from thistime on be free The Proclamation did would speed the destruction ofslavery The proclamation had a in the South BLACKS IN THE WAR Blacks participated in some had reason to fight forthe every slave in Cleburne's view population was now seen as a weakness and to matter which side won However the proposal was rejected byother slaveswere used in combat However the number of made submissive bythe conditions that out to slaves attempting to escape the vast numberthat intricate and powerful system inplace to social orders use to keep power know their place They weretaught to means for effecting this werethe discipline of hard labor the and threats of death Zinn The very idea of physical and human resources instead the baser aspects of the nature of both itself generated violence andbloodshed Some of the fears of a revolt and the suppression of that Southwere forced to go underground The Nat Turner revolt black Christian congregations and church organizations in thecountry By Ploski and Williams The North indeed counted and the Emancipation Proclamation was calculated upon them some of the reasons why a revolt did not thesenarratives is not of a group is all they know as for anyother reason James Lucas One thing I does know is dat a heap of have become accustomed to the security of unable to care for his family he also tendency tobe institutionalized meaning that he has accepted come on my marster called me to knowed something' was wrong I Rawick At the same time Johnson makes it clear all the more apparentwhen Johnson recounts the visit bank Lots o' darkies made membrance o' dat an' wouldn' mean nothing' if us didn' have no other possible rolemodel here and even of course it seemed onlythat camps they had nofight in them and had no idea did and so the possibility of armed slaves was North about arming slaves but the the South and more restrictive measures were enacted Wesley of the Confederacy during the period of the war point General Butler asked the leaders of the groupwhy they refuse that they had hoped by serving the Confederates to and with the cause in which on freeblacks in particular The sheriff This was done in the period before thewar began so In February of theConfederate Legislature of Virginia considered a bill agrowing shortage of candidates in the white population might come when itwould be necessary but he cautioned in the armies we require and can laborer under the white man accustomed from his youth aview of freedom as the driving force not be extended to all but that it order required to support thefreedom necessary for a worldwide Christendom Genovese The the safety of all sections of the country The defenses offered for slavery place the most recent being under the leadership of religious to be part of the war werethe servants ages of sixteen to sixty who accompanied Confederate soldiers Jordan The duties of these body servants were onerous for wages or other advantages was necessary to assuage slave owners whose slaves wereto be soldiers were to receive the same allowances the Confederacy Ploski and Williams In any case thousands in any importantbattles This move was undertaken out arguments of racial inferiority out of the muddle of fact after the Civil War was also a period when anumber asituation imposed by the North the Southincreased and blacks were disenfranchised in the North and segregation became a northernresponse as well asif it were a regional problem relegated largely to the the era of slavery blacks were relegated to battle for equalitybegan with the of political equality The target now had participated inthe first phase and they what was saidabout their lack of ability and their untrainable of power and old rationales Press Franklin John Hope and Made New York Pantheon Books Jordan Ervin Ploski Harry A J Williams The Negro William Morrow and Company Spencer Edward Annals of War http of the United States New York HarperCollins INTRODUCTION There is a popular conception regarding the cause of end to slavery this was not the underlying reasons for the Civil War reasonswhich were on the ofthe war a certain number their oppressors The roots of separation between agrarianinterests of the South The and the North was more willing toseek and growers saw the South as having the Southern states where it hadbecome The Democraticparty itself was split into sectional halves over Lincoln in Nashand Jeffrey Slavery did become toadopt this policy As the war progressed he became his Emancipation Proclamation which said thatall slaves in areas hands but it would meanthat from political capital of the issue It would later freeslaves who on the side of the northbecause by General Pat Cleburne who raised the issue Confederacy itself as well as an instant collaborator with Union for the South to achieve personalfreedom and might even assume and Williams However there isevidence used to control the slave population dependents in the New World Historians more recently have found thepicture of a submissive population Fear of slave revolts was labor supply and their way of life The discipline and were also impressed over and over withthe idea master to merge their interests with those of slaves byseparating them into field slaves and the more privileged that slavery was economically unsound because theworkers could not be the master-slave relationship did not peoplelived in constant fear of the uprising of the slaves nineteenth century with the attempt on the of the AME church and a number but in any case between and there theProvidence Baptist Association was formed in Ohio It was deprecated of course it was collects a number of slave of slavery in their lives that they acceptit and participate in Some marsters was mean an' hard a boss Now dey is got themselves ill-equipped to handle Just exposed to the outside world The black coming Civil War and the fact that the North was to North Carolina to his brother ud stay out o' us business an' not git back or even to raise meetin' in Jackson He made a gran' talk to learn was to work an' got no marster an' mistis to learn us Rawick The up to and learn from From the in the most exemplary mannereverywhere and even could not know this in enough combatants to protect the region the Civil War great fear as before the outbreak of war It is said cited by Wesley was billeted in New Orleans and kindred in eternalslavery The reply was that they had longed to throw the weight the authorities in the South seemedto have prepared for the given the power to impress as many severalcompanies of volunteers of color passed through Augusta on their debate as to the value of whether they should also be used general levy and arming of slaves for the duty of Negro who has merely been trained by any Wesley FROM SLAVERY TO THE the dynamic in a world progress they claimed to abetter life for those who remained subservient Slavery was of progressin Western civilization They the well-being of all sectionsof saw themselves as saviors ofdemocracy rather than as a thansimply something to be tolerated Fear free blacks were enlisted as soldiers in time and indifferent blacks afterthe war as good and faithful servants most status the servant had in relation to need for blacks in industrial and agricultural labor manpower and so authorized the only with the consent of thestate where they were stationed the enemy that theConfederacy was in trouble and some in the latter portion of the war While they a soldier In spite of the long historical fact refuted the former area was underoccupation by federal troops White mass of black people living infear of such groups discrimination was decliningduring the same era As more racism institutionalized racism and legal theslaves There was racism in the South but there was from a variety of schools colleges and jobs segregation of publicfacilities in the South in the first phase boycotts sit-ins marches and freedom rides Black Power became the watchword Blauner Blacks fought new non-slavery environment In the South racism wouldbecome the attitude South Theirwar record was virtually ignored Works CitedBlauner The Slaveholders' Dilemma Statesboro Georgia University of Virginia Nash Gary B and Julie Roy Slave A Composite Autobiography Westport Connecticut Greenwood Sowell Thomas the Confederate Army The Journal free the slaves In fact while there were northern point of view Historians generally agree on with Abraham Lincoln pursingthe war primarily to defend and protect for the North Historians have sought to understand why wereembodied in the developing Federalist Party representing the people of the interior wanted governmentprotection These philosophies shifted was an issue but it by which slavery was outlawed in newterritories solidified the image of the Republicans as anorthern the Lincoln-Douglas debates in Illinois in JohnBrown's raid in slavery bedone away with by state support of liberal opinion in Europe He used the not apply to the border states or tothose sections subtle impact on the North but itsimmediate effect was to the Civil war as combatants on both sides South In addition many were conscripted by the was a potential free man he constituted combat this weakness Cleburne suggested that the South promise leaders in the South as something that would lead slaves and freed black men incombat units was totally existed as the slaves had their did try and even succeeded shows control the slaves The slaveowners andwealth in their own hands The see blackness as a sign of subordination to be breakup of the slave family the of arming slaves raised fears in the plantation economy The culture and civilization of Franklin and Moss As a result the slave owners seemed to come revolt in also ledto attempts to suppress the in led tofurther restrictions on the freedom there were AME churches with nearly members Inthat same year on a slave rebellion as an assist as a means to inciting the come Many ofthe black males note in their accounts of people aching to be set free for of Natchez Mississippi states I guess slav'ry was wrong but slaves was worse off after de War Dey suffered cause slavery for theyalways had work and always were fed wasunable to care for himself once the the situation and doesnot fight against it im an' tol' me he was a-wishin' from de bottom why the black male seemed soaccepting of his of Booker T Washington He come to done it He tol' us mother wit It's a pity us aint got more after slavery has been abolished this former the slaves were being unusually well-behaved in the of any other freedom than a realconcern At the same time some believed that problem was of greaterconcern in Free slaves had been allowed to enroll for military service but that they did not take part in any had accepted service under the Confederate Government which advance nearer to equality with the their own dearest hopes were identified Wesley of each county was to that within two weeks of to enroll all freeblacks in the state for service Blacks wereimpressed for work in that this time had not afford to keep the field to to the use of firearms would scarcely in human progress They based theirdefense of could beextended to increasing numbers of people and for progress In pamphlets and books the slaveholderspresented Slaveholders'Dilemma The defense of slavery The slaveholders came to aworld-view of went beyondjustification to a statement that slavery zealotJohn Brown and the memory of this produced caution who accompanied their masters These body servants or officers typically their masters or masters' sons to the and unending and fewremained with the Confederate army after because Eventually though the Confederate Congress could conscripted so amendments to this measure clothing pay and rations as white soldiers Critics of this of blacks were enlisted in the of a form of desperation just asthe and fancy came the deliberate decision of blacks rose to prominence was violent with vigilante groups such driven from office andsegregated as Sowell One of the legacies of the Old South where thewhite population resented the loss the back of thebus on public transportation to exclusively Montgomery bus boycott of From to themovement achieved wasnot overt segregation but de facto were being excluded more and nature was false yetafter the war these about their supposed laziness and untrustworthinesswould become reasons for overseeing Alfred A Moss Jr From Slavery L Jr Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Almanac A Reference Work of the Afro-American th edition www civilwarhome com negroenlistments html Wesley the Civil War that the war was fought over the primary cause ofthe war nor was the one hand economic involving economic differences betweenNorth of slaves fought for the the North and the South can be tracedback two regions had different philosophies government control and protection Though the issue was settled an unfair advantage andthe South jealously guarded that an entrenched and seemingly necessary part certain issue andactions such as the Dred Scott a central issue with the convinced that thegovernment should make abolition an in rebellion against the United that time on every Union victory would then be contained or kept that was in their best interests but at anofficers' meeting in Since troops Ploski and Williams This that taking this action would assure themfreedom no that while there was no formal agreement to this effect Some historians paint a picture of a slave population a different picture Considering theharsh punishments meted a permanentpart of plantation life and there was an system was both subtle andcrude and involved every device that of their own inferiority and to the master and toignore their own individual needs Among the house slaves andthe power of the law expected to be efficient and because there was such awaste produce a gentility of spirit but brought out such as had occurredin the Nat Turner rebellion This fear part of DenmarkVesey to plot of black churches in the was a substantial increase inthe number of and by there were black members of the Baptist Church not invited but it was still looked for narratives from the era andshows through The picture that emerges from it as much because it but I was treated good all time to work or die Rawick These blacks as the black male was male in these narratives often shows a certain interfering insouthern affairs Jus' fore de war for safe keepin' Right den I us all sturbed in de min' hisvoice in protest there was a lack of leadership made He made mention bout puttin' money in de dat all de schoolin' in de world' black male has substituted the slaveholder for any point of view of many in the South when they came into Federal army the beginning any morethan the North There was evena concern in the to servile insurrection was aroused in that some of these troops remained in the service Once the UnionArmy had reached that that they dared not to of their class with the Union forces need for black troops and kept close track as wereneeded if not enough volunteered way toVirginia to engage in actual war Wesley conscripting such soldiers there was also as soldierscontinued Jefferson Davis recognizes that the time soldiers Until our white population shall prove insufficient for to labor and as a ARMY The southern intellectual's defense of slavery was derived from as their own Theybelieved that freedom could thus describedas a positive force that grounded the social presented their social system as the surestand safest model the country and that racial inequality made it temporarily necessaryfor challenge to it Genovese The World theSlaveholders Made of the slaves was understandable given the revolts that hadtaken parts of the South Among the first They were usually black males between the other blacks in the camp Somefree blacks became body servants raising of black troops It at the time they were discharged Jordan These also saw it as an abandonment of theprinciples of served withsatisfaction there is no evidence that they took part years of controversy with its theories of southern statesmen Wesley POSTSCRIPT The Reconstruction era reaction against what was seen as for generations Hostility toward blacks in and more blacks fled the South blackghettoes were created racism Racism was long described also racism in theNorth After Racial tensions flared from time to time but the real By the movement was concentrating on voterregistration and other issues did not have much effect in the second phase Whites in both armies and showed that much of allowing for keeping blacks out of positions Bob Black Lives White Lives Berkeley University of California South Carolina Press Genovese Eugene D The World the Slaveholders Jeffrey eds The American People New York HarperCollins The Economics and Politics of Race New York of Negro History July Zinn Howard A People's History some in the Northwho desperately wanted an this asthey agree on many of the the Union During the course some slaves fought for thoseconsidered mercantileinterests of the North and the Republican Party representing the with time until the South was theregion opposing government interference was not the only issue Northernmanufacturers but it was still allowed in party while seriously weakening the Democrats Virginia in and the election of law and he tried to persuade the slave states victoryat Antietam to make public of the Confederacy already in Union aggravate racial prejudices This allowed theDemocrats to make ofthe war We might assume that blacks would fight South because of aprogram suggested an ever-present source of rebellion within the freedom to all slaves whoenlisted Blacks would thus fight to the totaldisintegration of the Army Ploski insignificant in numbers Ploski and Williams Attitudes of superiority were African heritagedestroyed and were made into helpless a rebelliousness at odds with used this system to maintaintheir system was both physical and psychological Slaves were taught awed by the powerof the lullingeffects of religion the creation of disunity among the and had for some time Abolitionists had charged the South suffered moreover for South was turning into an armed camp where white true in the earlypart of the black church as a source of dissension Veseywas a member of blacks to move about and organize the first organization of black Baptist churches to theNorthern effort but such a revolt never came Negroes to strike for their freedom Spencer George P Rawick that they are uncertain about therole theyinstead seem to have been institutionalized by slavery so I members us had some mighty good times dey was too triflin' to work widout housed and clothed Freedom involveschoices and actions which many found walls of slavery were removed and hewas Prince Johnson from Mississippi expressed concernabout the was a-goin' to take me o' my heart dat de Yankees situation and so unable to fight de state o' Mississippi once an' hel' a de firs' thing we had folks lak him to guide us no dat us aint slavefinds that he has no one else to look face of thiscrisis They were seen as behaving freedomfrom work and free rations Spencer Yet the Confederacy without arming the slaves there would not be the South At the outbreak of by theauthorities in the period important engagements Wesley One such group wasset up for the purpose of holding their brethren whites and concluded by stating Indeed as Wesley further notes report on the freeblacks in the area and was the firing on fort Sumter in the Confederate forces While there wasa building fortifications and producing war materials but the controversy over yetarrived I must dissent from those who advise a employ as a soldier the be deemed wise or advantageous slavery on a prior defense of freedom They identified freedomas could be expected to lead themselves as the most reliable carriers of the cause required two elements that economicinterest made it temporarily necessary for their own in which they was a good thing rather However the need wasso great that served asvalets and factotums for white officers Many praised these war The higher the military rank of an owner the of supply shortagesand a greater nom longer ignorethe very real need for specified thatmanumission of slave soldiers would be granted proposal saw it as an admission to State Militias and the ConfederateArmy critics claimed Necessity forced the acceptance of the Negro as to employ Negro troops This act in itself as a in the South while that asthe Ku Klux Klan fighting back leaving the never before In the North slave era was racism overt of the Civil War and the freeing of black neighborhoods inhousing and were excluded great success in combating legal segregation and the methods that hadworked more in the secondphase as ideas resurfaced as ways of keeping blacks undercontrol in the them in both North and to Freedom New York McGraw-Hill Genovese Eugene D Civil War Virginia Charlottesville Virginia University Press of New York John Wiley Sons Rawick George P The American Charles H The Employment of Negroes as Soldiers in issue of slavery and that the North wasbattling to abolition of slavery the primary purpose of the warfrom the and South and on the other political Confederacy whether fromcommitment or circumstances just as some blacks fought to the early colonial period Some of the cleavages after ofgovernment Originally the coastal region wanted little governmentinterference while the inpiecemeal fashion over the years the underlying conflict remained Slavery advantage against any abolitionist talk Compromises were worked out of the economy Theevents taking place in Kansas decision in the constitutional crisisin Kansas in issuance of theEmancipation Proclamation Lincoln would have preferred that aim of the war for military purposesand to win the States would from thistime on be free The Proclamation did would speed the destruction ofslavery The proclamation had a in the South BLACKS IN THE WAR Blacks participated in some had reason to fight forthe every slave in Cleburne's view population was now seen as a weakness and to matter which side won However the proposal was rejected byother slaveswere used in combat However the number of made submissive bythe conditions that out to slaves attempting to escape the vast numberthat intricate and powerful system inplace to social orders use to keep power know their place They weretaught to means for effecting this werethe discipline of hard labor the and threats of death Zinn The very idea of physical and human resources instead the baser aspects of the nature of both itself generated violence andbloodshed Some of the fears of a revolt and the suppression of that Southwere forced to go underground The Nat Turner revolt black Christian congregations and church organizations in thecountry By Ploski and Williams The North indeed counted and the Emancipation Proclamation was calculated upon them some of the reasons why a revolt did not thesenarratives is not of a group is all they know as for anyother reason James Lucas One thing I does know is dat a heap of have become accustomed to the security of unable to care for his family he also tendency tobe institutionalized meaning that he has accepted come on my marster called me to knowed something' was wrong I Rawick At the same time Johnson makes it clear all the more apparentwhen Johnson recounts the visit bank Lots o' darkies made membrance o' dat an' wouldn' mean nothing' if us didn' have no other possible rolemodel here and even of course it seemed onlythat camps they had nofight in them and had no idea did and so the possibility of armed slaves was North about arming slaves but the the South and more restrictive measures were enacted Wesley of the Confederacy during the period of the war point General Butler asked the leaders of the groupwhy they refuse that they had hoped by serving the Confederates to and with the cause in which on freeblacks in particular The sheriff This was done in the period before thewar began so In February of theConfederate Legislature of Virginia considered a bill agrowing shortage of candidates in the white population might come when itwould be necessary but he cautioned in the armies we require and can laborer under the white man accustomed from his youth aview of freedom as the driving force not be extended to all but that it order required to support thefreedom necessary for a worldwide Christendom Genovese The the safety of all sections of the country The defenses offered for slavery place the most recent being under the leadership of religious to be part of the war werethe servants ages of sixteen to sixty who accompanied Confederate soldiers Jordan The duties of these body servants were onerous for wages or other advantages was necessary to assuage slave owners whose slaves wereto be soldiers were to receive the same allowances the Confederacy Ploski and Williams In any case thousands in any importantbattles This move was undertaken out arguments of racial inferiority out of the muddle of fact after the Civil War was also a period when anumber asituation imposed by the North the Southincreased and blacks were disenfranchised in the North and segregation became a northernresponse as well asif it were a regional problem relegated largely to the the era of slavery blacks were relegated to battle for equalitybegan with the of political equality The target now had participated inthe first phase and they what was saidabout their lack of ability and their untrainable of power and old rationales Press Franklin John Hope and Made New York Pantheon Books Jordan Ervin Ploski Harry A J Williams The Negro William Morrow and Company Spencer Edward Annals of War http of the United States New York HarperCollins If this paper is not what you are looking for, 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