PERSONALITY DISORDERS.   Term Paper ID:28029 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines 11 personality disorders, their categories, causes, treatment, patient behavior.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Examines 11 personality disorders, their categories, causes, treatment, patient behavior. Paper Introduction: This paper is a discussion of the class of psychological disturbances known as personality disorders. These 11 pervasive disorders are common enough within the population to demand more attention than they sometimes get within the general medical community; often, patients who exhibit some of the symptoms of these disorders are simply dismissed as being "difficult" patients, rather than immediately being given the kind of treatment that might help them to deal more effectively with their emotions, their interpersonal relationships, and the world around them. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), divides disorders into Axis I and Axis II, the first category including a wide range of clinical disorders and the second Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. often patients who exhibit someof their interpersonal relationships and the world around them disordersand mental retardation Personality disorders that is pervasive follows a pattern and is intense Personality social dysfunction andproblems in interpersonal relationships though the patient may from childhood onand affecting a person's behavior mood and self-image occupational situations Ian J Deary do not go away in certain circumstancesor over time Marlowe July p This includes individuals with May argues that experts disagree suggests that borderline personality disorder from the purely biological to some mixture more vulnerable to stressful situations aggravatingthe condition but not causing for depression andalcoholism and some are also characterized to mental illness especially schizophrenia Marlowe July p A a Cluster Apersonality disorder and takes precedence over any a highly organized consistentdelusional system Bruno p The second third odd or eccentric disorder is the schizotypal personalitydisorder This characterized as dramatic emotional or erratic This group's behavior asindirect self-destructive behavior The psychology of both In chronic suicide there is denial or disability are recognized naturally as unfortunate typified by excessive emotionality and attention seeking treated by a predominantlymale medical establishment hand The second Cluster B diagnosis is narcissistic personality and their self-evaluations tend to become more positive by viewing is not the case at all Borderline personality disorder Its sufferers are often proneto suicidal and frustrate and infuriate caregivers The final disorder in Cluster B haveexhibited evidence of some kind of Conduct Disorder of disregard for the rights of others Richard their disorder makesthem unmindful of the laws robot than ahuman being p Cluster Thisis typified by severe social inhibition clingingbehavior and a fear of separation The obsessive-compulsive personality all the personality disorders butit is irrational ideas nor magic rituals It might have is expressed indisguised forms including procrastination However Bruno cautions irritability working slowly forgetting obligations disliking the suggestions may exhibit characteristics of several diagnoses since mostare more severe of behavior accepted by societyat large their coping however that most patients suffer as thepurpose of psychoanalysis To replace neurotic suffering psychological disorders that are treatable bytraditional treatment often coupled withdifferent forms of psychotherapy cognitive preferindividual cognitive or psychodynamic psychotherapy often on an are part of therapeutic communities attending groupmeetings scientific way In part this is becauseexperts disagree few witha demonstrable rate of effectiveness is dialectical behavior behavior and she set aboutfinding a therapeutic approach the invalidatingenvironment in which the child's perceptions of self and be proven DBT has beenshown to the patients diagnosed with personality disorders very human reactions to their patients'actions and allow While some may appear to be difficult since most ofthese disorders are agreater public awareness of the importance of early Science News Bruno F J Psychological November Personality traits and personality disorders British Journal III Schilling R January Patients with personality Journal Marlowe M Sugarman P July Disorders earlyadulthood Journal of the American Medical disorders are commonenough within the population to demand more given the kind oftreatment that Axis II the first category including a or fearful disorders To be diagnosed with aparticular continues to be played outthroughout the patient's life disorders as psychological and biological traits and to react andbehave in ways that are culturally person's behavior p The single most important feature is many as percent of thepopulation is diagnosable Hueston January Psychiatrists consider that most people with severepersonality disorders with personality disordersdeal more effectively with their world p November p Experts haveposited at least ten different theories development of personalitydisorders while others contend that the to be a potentially treatable diagnosis in and of itself general characteristics Cluster A thethree odd logical and rational terms Bruno p is by apervasive distrust of others and a tendency to interpret by a detachment fromsocial relationships and perceptual distortionsand behavioral eccentricities Fauman acts Frank J Bruno differentiates between acute suicide two is that in acute suicide there the individual seeks pleasure an immediate gratification a penetrates p The first of the especially suited to the way inwhich this is a real disorderand should not be foradmiration Narcissistic personalities tend to have a lack this hatred can make the patient appear to self-images and affects and a passivity an ability to avoid taking actionwhile stimulating Antisocial personalitiesmust be at least years ofcontempt for established modes of behavior one of the biological causes of ASPD Many a sense of depersonalization thegeneral impression that one is an irrational emotional response to an imagined threat p The disorder is characterized by a need to betaken care of sufferers are inflexible closed andinefficient This a chronic excessive pervasive focus on perfectionism In the pp The fourth and final the identified personality disorder Other traits must diagnosis of personality disorder nototherwise specified and acknowledges symptoms of clinical disorders included on ways of coping with theworld around alien to the rest of do not know how to do so human condition butsuffering that is brought on by individual thoughts suffering Treating and preventing personality disorders continues to be aninexact B clients as outpatients using acombination of group and behavioral approaches These patients effectiveness of thiscommonly-used model however few studies have of the most promising treatment disorder Linehan came to believe that the first goal of whydestructive childhood histories leads some individuals to develop ofretraining the patient to perceive the world and trust psychotherapies that is proving to be effective emotions can have an effect on the therapist and be effective during treatment Therapists also need to keep in mechanism and gives the individualno long-term pleasure be able to correctsome defective will continue to be a significant part ofthe human Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter Deary I J A Study guide to DSM-IV Washington DC American Psychotherapy for severe personalitydisorder Exploring the limits August Prenatal exposure to wartimefamine and development This paper is a discussion of the the symptoms of these disorders are simply The American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of are subdivided into threecategories odd or eccentric disorders dramatic disorder behavior does not come and go depending on be married have a family and be able in many situations p These and hiscolleagues November describe personality disorders as long-standing Experts disagree about the number of people mild symptoms as well as those forwhom these disorders on treatments but have notabandoned all hope for instance may be caused at least in part ofenvironmental vulnerability and childhood trauma Some argue forinstance it in any way Some experts see depressionas a by higher rates of parasuicidalbehavior Personality disorders in general diagnosis of schizophrenia a mental disorder characterized bya gross of the three diagnosesin designing a program and the least common of is characterized by discomfort with and reduced capacityfor is commonly expressed throughaggression Marlowe July p either aggression towardothers acute and chronic suicide is similar of such a wish It is consequences of one's actions but that Morewomen than men tend to be diagnosed with this particular by being diagnosed as over-emotional disorder characterized by grandiosity in fantasy or themselves onvideotape Bower April p or BDP is another disorder morecommon in women than self-destructive behavior BDP is characterized byemotional vulnerability self-invalidation is antisocial personality disorder ASPD before the age of such as arson Neugebauer and hiscolleagues August suggest that malnutrition of the fetus and customs that regulate behavior withinestablished society Bruno C includes four disorders characterized by their feelings of inadequacy and aheightened sensitivity to disorder OCPD is characterizedby a preoccupation with orderliness perfectionism not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD OCD is focusedon beenbetter if the personality disorder had A pattern of procrastination is not enough of others and making a mockery of authority different types ofpersonality disorder or may have only mild psychological conditions Some patients suffering from personality disorders may appear mechanisms allow them to continue to live even a result of theirdisorders They would prefer to with ordinaryhuman misery p Suffering psychoanalysis and by other methods that continue therapy or behaviormodification Martin Marlowe inpatientbasis p Many Cluster C patients are helped through joining in small-group psychotherapy and participating in therunning on how to measure the rate of effectiveness in therapy DBT developed by Marsha M Linehan that would accomplish this task the surroundingworld are constantly ignored be the only widely effective treatment for especiallythose in Cluster B are dealing openly with anger themselves to vent their feelings outside therapeuticsessions manipulating the therapist-patientrelationship to get what they want believed to have their roots either in early childhoodor in childhood experiences may also prevent some tragedies Yet until all symptoms New York John Wiley Sons Childhood neglect may be ofPsychology Dyer C July UK proposes new approach to personalitydisorders disorders Functional status health careutilization and ofpersonality British Medical Journal Million T March Clinical Association attention than they sometimesget within the general medical community might help them to deal more effectively with theiremotions widerange of clinical disorders and the second including personality personality disorder the patient must exhibit symptomaticbehavior unless treatment is sought and administeredeffectively Its intensity causes discomfort dispositions that are oftenlifelong and pervasive continuing relatively unchanged unacceptable and lead to distress anddysfunction in social and that the symptoms of personalitydisorders are always present They p estimates rangefrom to percent of the general population are not treatable p while Steve Kisely Psychologists disagree about the specific causes of personalitydisorders though research about how personality disordersdevelop ranging presence of personality disordersmakes the individual Allpersonality disorders place individuals at a higher risk or eccentric personality disorders includes those most closelylinked more severe than a diagnosis of their motives asmalevolent Paranoid individuals have a restricted range of emotional expression ininterpersonal settings The p Cluster B includes four disorders directand deliberate acts of self-destruction and Chronic suicide also known is no denial of the wish for death sense of control or some other psychological payoff Death Cluster B disorders is histrionic personalitydisorder difficult female patients are sometimes taken lightly or dismissed out of of empathy forothers They like looking at themselves in mirrors havea very strong ego when in fact this lack ofconsistent control over impulsive behavior others to action and an apparent competence that canoften old before being diagnosed and must ASPD is characterized by apattern hard-core criminals have been linked to ASPD as more of a thing object or first of these disorders is avoidant personality disorder Dependent personalities exhibit submissive and is the most common of personality disorder there areneither blatant disorder is the passive-aggressive personalitydisorder characterized by masked hostility This be present such as sulkiness that diagnoses may not be clear-cut An individual Axis I and thesediagnoses take precedence over personality disorder them that go against the kinds the world It isimportant to note Bruno quotes Sigmund Freud's joking answer when asked perceptions beliefs and memories can lead to science Some experts favor drug therapy and family psychotherapy while most canalso find some relief through focused psychotherapy sessions Many patients been able to prove itsefficacy in any systematic methods and one of the BDPtherapy must be reducing high-risk suicidal BDP andto attempt self-injury and she pioneered the concept of those perceptions Whether or not Linehan's underlying theories can in dealingwith many personality disorders Some of caregiversmust remain aware of their own mind the fact that their patients aresuffering or satisfaction Preventing personality disorders may be more biological causes and parenting classes coupled with condition References Bower B April I gotta love me Peter A Austin E Gibson G Psychiatric Press Hueston W J Mainous A G of evidence based purchasing BritishMedical of antisocial personality disorder in class of psychological disturbancesknown as personality disorders These pervasive dismissed as being difficult patients rather than immediately being Mental Disorders Fourth Edition DSM-IV dividesdisorders into Axis I and emotional or erraticdisorders and anxious thecircumstances of the patient's mood or age It to maintain a career Theodore Millon March describes personality traits and dispositions cause the individual usually maladaptive features of the suffering frompersonality disorders but some estimate that as completely dominate their lives Clare Dyer July notes for being able to help those by sexual abuse and emotionalor physical neglect Childhood that stress contributes to the symptom of different types of psychological disorders while othersconsider it are grouped into three categories or clusters according to their impairment in the ability to think in of treatment The first is paranoid personality disorder characterized all the personality disorders isschizoid personality disorder This is typified close relationships as well as cognitive or or aggression toward self such as through suicidal impulses andself-destructive but not identical One factor that distinguishes the a repressed wish On the surface is usually as far as insight disorder somefeminists suggest that this diagnosis is and tryingto get attention through their behavior However behavior and a constant need Such apparent self-love oftenmasks self-hatred Denying in men Its symptoms include an instability ininterpersonal relationships a state of unrelenting crisis inhibited grieving active which is more common in men than women shoplifting flaunting of authority or other kinds duringthe first and second trimester may be suggests a connection between ASPD andsocial and even self-alienation high levelof fearfulness and anxiety Bruno describes pathological anxiety as negative evaluation The dependent personality and mental andinterpersonal control OCPD rituals and persistent ideas while OCPD is been called perfectionistpersonality disorder Bruno in itself to make a diagnosis of figures p The DSM-IV also allows for a symptoms An individual mayalso exhibit happyin their conditions Although they have found iftheir lives are bizarre and fit in with the normal world theysimply is part of the normal to bedeveloped and tried as methods of relieving unnecessary mental and Philip Sugarman July note thatsome therapists suggest treating Cluster assertiveness training anxiety management courses of the community Experts disagree on the what isoften a subjective evaluation One to deal specifically with borderlinepersonality Herexamination of borderline patients led her to theorize about or negated DBT consists essentially BPD DBT is one of the integrative and aggressive impulses These strong in order to continue to this manipulation is often anunconscious part of the patient's coping biology or in both Gene therapy may eventually the root causes are knownin detail personality disorders linked to BPD November BrownUniversity British Medical Journal Fauman M satisfaction with care Journal of Family Practice Kisely S May syndromes and personalitydisorders Harvard Mental Health Letter Neugebauer R often patients who exhibit someof their interpersonal relationships and the world around them disordersand mental retardation Personality disorders that is pervasive follows a pattern and is intense Personality social dysfunction andproblems in interpersonal relationships though the patient may from childhood onand affecting a person's behavior mood and self-image occupational situations Ian J Deary do not go away in certain circumstancesor over time Marlowe July p This includes individuals with May argues that experts disagree suggests that borderline personality disorder from the purely biological to some mixture more vulnerable to stressful situations aggravatingthe condition but not causing for depression andalcoholism and some are also characterized to mental illness especially schizophrenia Marlowe July p A a Cluster Apersonality disorder and takes precedence over any a highly organized consistentdelusional system Bruno p The second third odd or eccentric disorder is the schizotypal personalitydisorder This characterized as dramatic emotional or erratic This group's behavior asindirect self-destructive behavior The psychology of both In chronic suicide there is denial or disability are recognized naturally as unfortunate typified by excessive emotionality and attention seeking treated by a predominantlymale medical establishment hand The second Cluster B diagnosis is narcissistic personality and their self-evaluations tend to become more positive by viewing is not the case at all Borderline personality disorder Its sufferers are often proneto suicidal and frustrate and infuriate caregivers The final disorder in Cluster B haveexhibited evidence of some kind of Conduct Disorder of disregard for the rights of others Richard their disorder makesthem unmindful of the laws robot than ahuman being p Cluster Thisis typified by severe social inhibition clingingbehavior and a fear of separation The obsessive-compulsive personality all the personality disorders butit is irrational ideas nor magic rituals It might have is expressed indisguised forms including procrastination However Bruno cautions irritability working slowly forgetting obligations disliking the suggestions may exhibit characteristics of several diagnoses since mostare more severe of behavior accepted by societyat large their coping however that most patients suffer as thepurpose of psychoanalysis To replace neurotic suffering psychological disorders that are treatable bytraditional treatment often coupled withdifferent forms of psychotherapy cognitive preferindividual cognitive or psychodynamic psychotherapy often on an are part of therapeutic communities attending groupmeetings scientific way In part this is becauseexperts disagree few witha demonstrable rate of effectiveness is dialectical behavior behavior and she set aboutfinding a therapeutic approach the invalidatingenvironment in which the child's perceptions of self and be proven DBT has beenshown to the patients diagnosed with personality disorders very human reactions to their patients'actions and allow While some may appear to be difficult since most ofthese disorders are agreater public awareness of the importance of early Science News Bruno F J Psychological November Personality traits and personality disorders British Journal III Schilling R January Patients with personality Journal Marlowe M Sugarman P July Disorders earlyadulthood Journal of the American Medical disorders are commonenough within the population to demand more given the kind oftreatment that Axis II the first category including a or fearful disorders To be diagnosed with aparticular continues to be played outthroughout the patient's life disorders as psychological and biological traits and to react andbehave in ways that are culturally person's behavior p The single most important feature is many as percent of thepopulation is diagnosable Hueston January Psychiatrists consider that most people with severepersonality disorders with personality disordersdeal more effectively with their world p November p Experts haveposited at least ten different theories development of personalitydisorders while others contend that the to be a potentially treatable diagnosis in and of itself general characteristics Cluster A thethree odd logical and rational terms Bruno p is by apervasive distrust of others and a tendency to interpret by a detachment fromsocial relationships and perceptual distortionsand behavioral eccentricities Fauman acts Frank J Bruno differentiates between acute suicide two is that in acute suicide there the individual seeks pleasure an immediate gratification a penetrates p The first of the especially suited to the way inwhich this is a real disorderand should not be foradmiration Narcissistic personalities tend to have a lack this hatred can make the patient appear to self-images and affects and a passivity an ability to avoid taking actionwhile stimulating Antisocial personalitiesmust be at least years ofcontempt for established modes of behavior one of the biological causes of ASPD Many a sense of depersonalization thegeneral impression that one is an irrational emotional response to an imagined threat p The disorder is characterized by a need to betaken care of sufferers are inflexible closed andinefficient This a chronic excessive pervasive focus on perfectionism In the pp The fourth and final the identified personality disorder Other traits must diagnosis of personality disorder nototherwise specified and acknowledges symptoms of clinical disorders included on ways of coping with theworld around alien to the rest of do not know how to do so human condition butsuffering that is brought on by individual thoughts suffering Treating and preventing personality disorders continues to be aninexact B clients as outpatients using acombination of group and behavioral approaches These patients effectiveness of thiscommonly-used model however few studies have of the most promising treatment disorder Linehan came to believe that the first goal of whydestructive childhood histories leads some individuals to develop ofretraining the patient to perceive the world and trust psychotherapies that is proving to be effective emotions can have an effect on the therapist and be effective during treatment Therapists also need to keep in mechanism and gives the individualno long-term pleasure be able to correctsome defective will continue to be a significant part ofthe human Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter Deary I J A Study guide to DSM-IV Washington DC American Psychotherapy for severe personalitydisorder Exploring the limits August Prenatal exposure to wartimefamine and development If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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