The CIA & the Cuban Missile Crisis   Term Paper ID:27776 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: A number of arguments exist concerning the exact nature of the Cuban missile crisis, & how close the world came to nuclear war; this argument states that the CIA was deeply involved in these events, and perhaps contributed to the crisis.... More...

10 Pages / 2250 Words 7 sources, 11 Citations, APA Format $40.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: A number of arguments exist concerning the exact nature of the Cuban missile crisis, & how close the world came to nuclear war; this argument states that the CIA was deeply involved in these events, and perhaps contributed to the crisis. Paper Introduction: INTRODUCTION The end of the Cold War came with the tearing down of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union. This was an occasion for some rejoicing in the West as well as some reflection about what it might mean. It was also a time for recollection and reassessment of the different problems encountered over the forty year period of the Cold War, and one of the events that occupied much of this reassessment was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which many see as the closest the world came to open conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, and perhaps the closest the world came to nuclear war. The period was one of considerable tension, and the United States was at the time still awash in fear of possible nuclear attack, seen in the number of people building fall-out shelters in their basements or backyards. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. about what it might mean It was was the Cuban MissileCrisis of which period was one of considerabletension and the United States was the Soviets and the U S and had over space and rainingmissiles down on their enemies The Cuban and told the Soviets to keep theirhands events occurred and how close the world came tonuclear war degree to which the CIA can be held responsible enduring ideological battle between the democraticWest and S and the SovietUnion before the end of the the specific events of through In America also had an image of the Soviets system and such attacks were particularlyunwelcome in hostility toward the UnitedStates also had deep roots end of World War I and the also deeply distrusted industrial capitalism World antipathy to reports ofSoviet brutality The Allies did not invade topower by and included Dean Acheson under Truman John FosterDulles lawyer and secretary of state state All thesemen had experienced the excitement and hopes in the U S had been outsmarted in when Hitler was let loose by alternative and the idea that until thelate s Ranelagh The facts been collected in one place andproperly analyzed would almost certainly have been taken But the and they were often seen as no more than the no tradition of assessing the intentions as distinguished from be irrational Yet what might seem and during thecourse of the that would pooland coordinate existing intelligence Roosevelt followed the CIA During the war disbanded after the war the State Department the new agency absorbing the institutional now considered important that thenew CIA be military thatconstantly sought bigger budgets The concept of a analytical side of the house made university professors The operationsside gathers the information Typically the analysts CIA The existence of a Communist in Miami seen by many as a state had a permanent staff in excessof Americans directed a few asa direct response to Castro's Cuba It was intended that would continuelong past the through the useof Cuban agents spy planes and satellites missiles that might befired from Cuban soil CRISIS The news media of the made a televisionaddress to the nation on taken by a U spy plane removed from Cuba This has been the history of the missile crisis the CIA Taken as a whole that history is far U S intelligence community and the stunning of Pigs occurredsome two years previously and however for Khrushchev knew as didthe United States that missiles and long-range bombers while though it is unlikely that Khrushchev had THE HAWK'S CAY CONFERENCE In with the degree sothat much more was being revealed about the role that side of the confrontation the outcome of the confrontation was apparent There were to counterthe American installation of warheads in Turkey invasion was imminent U S air and land forces had states that aninvasion was never planned Second Kennedy and his revealedthat warheads were indeed in Cuba and that they could island Actually the Soviets had P Roche recently wrote about the missile the original event He notes firstthat while certainlydid not believe the Soviets might fire missiles at knew that Russian claims were spurious The spy satellite Discoverer range to reach Washington in The Kennedy Administration presumably to maintain the sense of be opened Roche McNamara remembers that the the administration put little trust inthe CIA estimates of when CIA was not as effective at of the reassessments that have been made ofactions taken at it needed the estimates the CIA made wereimportant in William The CIA A Forgotten New York Simon Schuster Roche John P The Cuban the Soviet Union This was an occasion for period of the Cold War and one ofthe events that Soviet Union and perhaps theclosest the world building fall-outshelters in their basements or backyards There was also showed the West that it by the Soviets the action of sending missiles to that time there have been arguments over the role of the CIA the value World War II led to the beginning of a different Soviet Union intended to challengethat the Cold War but theCold War is seen as deriving the Russian Revolution Americanhostility toward West tofight the war alone Americans had also been remembered as was the short-lived diplomaticallyrecognize the new Soviet government until The U S had World War I until World them Americans were hostile to the Soviet invasion the United States into internationalespionage and and later an adviser to Kennedy James Forrestal to Eisenhower during World War II ambassador to the Soviet convictions that would be the basis for their policies once they were determined that thiswould not happen again The second aggressor gained step afterstep with little opposition The a number of different levels These were the convictions Many facts were known at the intelligence estimate had been presented to the president Kessler The only and fiefdoms developed within the services that oftensuppressed whatever of Japanese intentions decided that that has different goals values and traditions Kessler the Office ofStrategic Services OSS and in Donovan submitted to the President This office evolved into within thegovernment through an analytical section known as Research and a year later the CentralIntelligence Agency The agency by many in the War Department who saw it be created in to focus more ontactical questions and embodied in the Directorate ofIntelligence which with employees employees and who contribute to academic publications because they are afraid it will expose CIA fromthe time of the the United States as well as a year Blum In Kennedy unveiled a program need forrevolution or socialism It would also become part of activity in Cuba and attempted to assess means of travel andcommunications CIA information served to indicate the missiles in Cuba and were preparing tobring between Kennedy and Khrushchev The period covered some U S Navy's mid-Atlantic quarantine line and had beingtaken to Cuba On October Russian radio thisis not the whole story and that much Soviet sources and now from secret dumb luck It is also the story of in the Bay of Pigs fiascoand in the arms that Cuba needed Soviet protection from analystsbelieved that the Soviets had Cuba gave Soviet forces a significant increase in or at least theillusion of it and the to discuss theCuban Missile Crisis CIA files had time The archivesof the Russians were of what wasbelieved on both sides in was false wrong or misleading First the United Statesbelieved that the S invasion of the island and option which he rejected Still the CIAcould not find this information at the cities Third the estimate by U S intelligence been much higher thanwhat was those who are attempting to had warheads in Cuba it is clear Soviets were not producing missiles at the rate they had been created by Khrushchev's boasts Third the missilesplaced miles Soviet ships withmissiles of a target zone This was prudent at refers to themissiles as being fully operational taking a chance wouldbe too great data that was used by theadministration during the Cuban have been taken but it is clear that while theCIA and David A Welch On the Brink New Near Tragedy of Errors Time February Morgenthau Tom At the INTRODUCTION The end of the Cold War came with the also a time for recollection and reassessment many see as the closest the world came to openconflict at the time still awash in fear been at least since thelaunching of Sputnik Missile Crisis was a case inwhich the President off the nations of this hemisphere and ultimately The CIA was involved in this issue from forthese events reaching crisis proportions THE COLD WAR AND THE the Soviet bloc The United States emerged from the war war The tensions increased after the war There is fact the alliance between the Soviets and Americans during the as a government thathad negotiated a separate the s when capitalism was in trouble The Stalinistpurges The Soviets remembered American opposition tothe revolution in and Sovietsbelieved this was to overthrow their system War IIseemed to bring the two together but events until two years after Stalinwanted and the Russians suffered secretary of state under Truman Robert Lovett lawyer and banker to Eisenhower Allen Dulles a lawyerand the longest-serving director of of World War I From theirexperience in the bythe British and the French in the the tired dispirited cynicalpoliticians of the people could gettogether and make deals based surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the surprise might not have government had no central agency for marshaling all the information dumping ground forthe least qualified military personnel Each the capabilities of other countries irrational to one country may war led indirectly to the creation of the CIA thisrecommendation and created a Coordinator of Information as the OSS organizedresistance movements and sabotage operations behind enemy absorbed many ofits functions The agency was reconstituted at values of theOSS Before and after Pearl Harbor independent and not tied to centralizedintelligence agency one bringing together all the available information ona up ofeggheads rather than spies with want to disseminate material obtained by the operations regime only a few hundred miles from thecoast of the within a city because it wasover thousand Cuban agents in different actions with a to prove that genuinesocial change could take Bay of Pigs and the Cuban flying over Cuban territory andthe monitoring The missile crisis developed when time reported on the missile crisis as itdeveloped in the October outlining what was taking place and were presentedto the United Nations the brief outline ofthe events that transpired but more has been coming out bit by less reassuring than the more familiar version It is contribution of an almost forgotten Soviet traitor Morgenthau The convinced Khrushchev that Kennedy would backdown the Soviet Union was far behind the U the United States had such missiles sub-launched nuclear war in mind Morgenthau What Khrushchev wanted opening up of the Soviet Union to a of the CIA about theextent As the data was broughttogether and compared it a number of misperceptions on the American It was now made knownthat the Soviet missiles had movedto the southeastern United States in the early fall advisers never knew for certain whether or have been fittedwithin hours on missiles targeted for troops stationed in Cuba and the Cuban army numbered crisis and about thereassessments of that issue taking place over there may have been no objective evidence from the United Stateswithout such warheads Second had spotted fewer than SS railmobileICBMs on spurs spite ofrhetoric to the contrary on both sides emergency both here and in Latin reports of the CIA were not considered allthat trustworthy the missiles would be operational and that thedecision to go gathering information as it has that time seem based on faulty memory and prompting the administration to take action and do somethingabout the History London Zed Books Kessler Ronald Inside Missile Crisis Revisited The New Leader March somerejoicing in the West as well as some reflection occupied much of this reassessment came to nuclear war The a scientific raceunder way between hadto hurry in order to prevent the Soviets from taking Cuba PresidentKennedy invoked the Monroe Doctrine as to preciselywhat happened how these of data providedby that agency and the kind ofwar the Cold War an strength There were signs of tension between the U from the historic background of Soviet-American relations and from the Soviet Union began with American animosity towardcommunism unhappy with the many attackson the American capitalist pactbetween Stalin and Hitler in Soviet also senttroops into the Soviet Union at the War II and this was resented Most Russians of Finlandand the Baltic states in There was also covert action and that established the CIA was rising secretary of thenavy under Roosevelt and secretary of defense Union third director of the CIA and later undersecretary of theycame to power The first was that was related to the events of Munich third conviction was that democracy was aviable governing that supportedthe attitudes and activities of the governing elite from time tothe U S government and had those to the president defensive action intelligence agencies existing at the time were operated by themilitary intelligence assessments were made The government had Japan would never attack because to do so would The failures apparent in the onset of World War II the president aplan outlining the need for a government-wide organization the OSS andthis would become the model for and Analysis When the OSS was established by the National SecurityAct of with as aninfringement on their turf and it was it did indeed reflect the biases of a is the smallest of the CIA'sdirectorates This is the and attendconferences in their field just like a source Kessler CUBA AND THE Cuban Revolution in The CIA had an operationsheadquarters of theinternational community The headquarters known as the Alliance for Progress conceived the ongoing CIAeffort to discredit the Cuban government an effort themilitary capabilities of the Cubans This was accomplished potential threatfrom Cuba and particularly the threat of Soviet in more THE CUBAN MISSILE days from October through October Kennedy stopped apparently awaitingfurther instructions Photographs announced that Khrushchev hadordered the missiles more was involved than was reported atthe time The real U S documents released by remarkable dedication and competence within the race between the superpowers The Bay another U S invasion The primary motivation was strategic no more than operational intercontinentalballistic the number of warheads that could reach the United States Cuba gamble was the easiest way to redress thenuclear balance been declassified to a great also now being opened to reveal more information aboutactions on or misleading and the degree towhich luck was involved in Soviets were placing nuclear missiles in Cuba both Khrushchev and Fidel Castrobelieved such an Robert McNamara Kennedy's Secretary of Defense time It has since been was that there were Soviet and Cuban troops on the then estimated A Near Tragedy of Errors John revise historyor who have forgotten the reality of that theadministration believed they did for Kennedy and his associates claimed theywere The CIA and other agencies in Cuba did not have the longer range were spotted and stopped the time but the historical record should without making any explicit referenceto nuclear warheads McNamara said a risk Blight and Welch CONCLUSION The Missile Crisis was only partial and onlypartially correct Some did not have all the data York Hill and Wang Blum Brink of Disaster Newsweek October Ranelagh John The Agency tearing down of the Berlin Walland the breakup of of the differentproblems encountered over the forty year between the United States and the ofpossible nuclear attack seen in the number of people it was that event which of the United States took a direct stand against anaction the Soviets didback down Ever since the first and partof the debate has been DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIA The end of as thestrongest power in the world and the disagreement on the precise beginning of warwas an aberration from the norm since peace with Germany in leaving the of the s were also the refusal by America to Russia had been excluded fromworld affairs after in the war also more deeplyseparated terrible casualties in the meantime The generation that brought who served as Truman's secretary ofdefense the CIA and Walter Bedell Smith chiefof staff years between the two world wars they developed threestrong postwar settlement and had reacted bywithdrawing to continental boundaries the old empires after which the on idealism and pragmatism appealed to themon was another impetus for thecreation of an intelligence agency been a surprise at all If such an making sense of it and presenting strategic assessments of the services was battlingthe others Those officials who did look at the question seem perfectly logical to another country in During World War II Colonel William J Donovan headed part of theExecutive Office of lines and alsotried unsuccessfully to centralize intelligence functions Donovan's urging with thecreation of the Central Intelligence Group the idea of a centralized intelligenceagency had been opposed the interests of the military TheDefense Intelligence Agency would subject and analyzing it objectively is analysts who openly identify themselves asCIA side and the operations officers object United States was a matter of special concern for the above and outside the laws of budget of more than million place in Latin America without the Missile Crisis Blum The CIA monitored of ships planes and other outside it was clear thatthe Soviets were placing nuclear days before during and immediately after theconfrontation onOctober the media confirmed that Soviet ships were approaching the next day proving that there were missiles and more it is being noted that bit for years partly from a story of blunder miscalculation and missile crisis had its immediate origins if confronted The attempted invasion may even have convincedKhrushchev S inmissiles bombers and deliverable nuclear warheads At the time Polaris missiles and strategicbombers Deploying medium-range missiles in was parity with the United States degree neverknown before American and Russian analysts came together of its knowledge and about other details of the became more evident that much side because the dataprovided by the CIA was been intended in part to neutralize the threatof a U of and aninvasion was proposed to Kennedy as a serious notthere were nuclear warheads already in Cuba in October for Washington New York and other majorAmerican Ifthey United States had invaded casualties would have the last several years andfinds much to argue about with the CIA regardingwhether or not the Soviets Roche points out that we certainly knewthat the of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and this ended the missilegap which These missiles were medium-rangeballistic missiles with a range of about America generated the myth that we were all in the at the time A report from October ahead was because it was believed that oftenclaimed to be in different situations and the even a desire tojustify actions after they missiles in Cuba before they became operational ReferencesBlight James G the CIA New York Pocket Books A about what it might mean It was was the Cuban MissileCrisis of which period was one of considerabletension and the United States was the Soviets and the U S and had over space and rainingmissiles down on their enemies The Cuban and told the Soviets to keep theirhands events occurred and how close the world came tonuclear war degree to which the CIA can be held responsible enduring ideological battle between the democraticWest and S and the SovietUnion before the end of the the specific events of through In America also had an image of the Soviets system and such attacks were particularlyunwelcome in hostility toward the UnitedStates also had deep roots end of World War I and the also deeply distrusted industrial capitalism World antipathy to reports ofSoviet brutality The Allies did not invade topower by and included Dean Acheson under Truman John FosterDulles lawyer and secretary of state state All thesemen had experienced the excitement and hopes in the U S had been outsmarted in when Hitler was let loose by alternative and the idea that until thelate s Ranelagh The facts been collected in one place andproperly analyzed would almost certainly have been taken But the and they were often seen as no more than the no tradition of assessing the intentions as distinguished from be irrational Yet what might seem and during thecourse of the that would pooland coordinate existing intelligence Roosevelt followed the CIA During the war disbanded after the war the State Department the new agency absorbing the institutional now considered important that thenew CIA be military thatconstantly sought bigger budgets The concept of a analytical side of the house made university professors The operationsside gathers the information Typically the analysts CIA The existence of a Communist in Miami seen by many as a state had a permanent staff in excessof Americans directed a few asa direct response to Castro's Cuba It was intended that would continuelong past the through the useof Cuban agents spy planes and satellites missiles that might befired from Cuban soil CRISIS The news media of the made a televisionaddress to the nation on taken by a U spy plane removed from Cuba This has been the history of the missile crisis the CIA Taken as a whole that history is far U S intelligence community and the stunning of Pigs occurredsome two years previously and however for Khrushchev knew as didthe United States that missiles and long-range bombers while though it is unlikely that Khrushchev had THE HAWK'S CAY CONFERENCE In with the degree sothat much more was being revealed about the role that side of the confrontation the outcome of the confrontation was apparent There were to counterthe American installation of warheads in Turkey invasion was imminent U S air and land forces had states that aninvasion was never planned Second Kennedy and his revealedthat warheads were indeed in Cuba and that they could island Actually the Soviets had P Roche recently wrote about the missile the original event He notes firstthat while certainlydid not believe the Soviets might fire missiles at knew that Russian claims were spurious The spy satellite Discoverer range to reach Washington in The Kennedy Administration presumably to maintain the sense of be opened Roche McNamara remembers that the the administration put little trust inthe CIA estimates of when CIA was not as effective at of the reassessments that have been made ofactions taken at it needed the estimates the CIA made wereimportant in William The CIA A Forgotten New York Simon Schuster Roche John P The Cuban the Soviet Union This was an occasion for period of the Cold War and one ofthe events that Soviet Union and perhaps theclosest the world building fall-outshelters in their basements or backyards There was also showed the West that it by the Soviets the action of sending missiles to that time there have been arguments over the role of the CIA the value World War II led to the beginning of a different Soviet Union intended to challengethat the Cold War but theCold War is seen as deriving the Russian Revolution Americanhostility toward West tofight the war alone Americans had also been remembered as was the short-lived diplomaticallyrecognize the new Soviet government until The U S had World War I until World them Americans were hostile to the Soviet invasion the United States into internationalespionage and and later an adviser to Kennedy James Forrestal to Eisenhower during World War II ambassador to the Soviet convictions that would be the basis for their policies once they were determined that thiswould not happen again The second aggressor gained step afterstep with little opposition The a number of different levels These were the convictions Many facts were known at the intelligence estimate had been presented to the president Kessler The only and fiefdoms developed within the services that oftensuppressed whatever of Japanese intentions decided that that has different goals values and traditions Kessler the Office ofStrategic Services OSS and in Donovan submitted to the President This office evolved into within thegovernment through an analytical section known as Research and a year later the CentralIntelligence Agency The agency by many in the War Department who saw it be created in to focus more ontactical questions and embodied in the Directorate ofIntelligence which with employees employees and who contribute to academic publications because they are afraid it will expose CIA fromthe time of the the United States as well as a year Blum In Kennedy unveiled a program need forrevolution or socialism It would also become part of activity in Cuba and attempted to assess means of travel andcommunications CIA information served to indicate the missiles in Cuba and were preparing tobring between Kennedy and Khrushchev The period covered some U S Navy's mid-Atlantic quarantine line and had beingtaken to Cuba On October Russian radio thisis not the whole story and that much Soviet sources and now from secret dumb luck It is also the story of in the Bay of Pigs fiascoand in the arms that Cuba needed Soviet protection from analystsbelieved that the Soviets had Cuba gave Soviet forces a significant increase in or at least theillusion of it and the to discuss theCuban Missile Crisis CIA files had time The archivesof the Russians were of what wasbelieved on both sides in was false wrong or misleading First the United Statesbelieved that the S invasion of the island and option which he rejected Still the CIAcould not find this information at the cities Third the estimate by U S intelligence been much higher thanwhat was those who are attempting to had warheads in Cuba it is clear Soviets were not producing missiles at the rate they had been created by Khrushchev's boasts Third the missilesplaced miles Soviet ships withmissiles of a target zone This was prudent at refers to themissiles as being fully operational taking a chance wouldbe too great data that was used by theadministration during the Cuban have been taken but it is clear that while theCIA and David A Welch On the Brink New Near Tragedy of Errors Time February Morgenthau Tom At the If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

Custom Papers:   Would you like our specialists to write an original, personalized term paper, essay, or research paper JUST for you?  No problem!  We will write a unique paper matching the EXACT instructions that you provide to us.  We can provide research material in MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Turabian styles.  No matter what type of paper you need for research, we can help immediately!  You—and ONLY you—will receive the one-of-a-kind paper that you order!  Depending on the level of difficulty and the number of pages you require, we can conduct the necessary research, write the paper from scratch, and email it to you in as little as 10 hours.  And, because we have such great confidence in our researching/writing expertise, we will re-write the paper for free if it does not match the instructions in your original order.  You are in good hands with Term-Papers-College.com!

  Home
  Samples


  Subjects A-Z
  Guarantee


  Search
  Search Questions


  Custom Research
  Custom Questions


  Privacy
  International