Truman's Containment Policy   Term Paper ID:27367 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Discusses the development of Truman's policy of containment toward the Soviet Union in the early post-war period. Focuses on Henry Kissinger's review of the situation & accuses the policy in general & Kissinger in particular of evil deeds.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Discusses the development of Truman's policy of containment toward the Soviet Union in the early post-war period. Focuses on Henry Kissinger's review of the situation & accuses the policy in general & Kissinger in particular of evil deeds. Paper Introduction: Henry Kissinger (1994), in his book, Diplomacy described President Harry Truman's policy toward NATO and the Warsaw Pact as "Containment" (424). Truman favored American membership in a European Coalition to be called NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in order to stop the spread of Russian Communism into western Europe under the Warsaw Pact (formed in 1955). His policy was a radical departure from Franklin Delano Roosevelt's concept of "Four Policemen" which would have monitored relations in Europe (Kissinger, 1994, 424). Peter Duignan and L.H. Gann (1994) also sing the praises of the Truman Doctrine in their book, The United States and the New Europe: 19451993. Like Kissinger, these authors believe the Truman Doctrine was a magnificent, visionary, foreign policy initiative which utilized a minimum of military resources, coupled with massive economic aid, to resist the spread of Co Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. order to stop thespread of H Gann also sing the praises of the Truman Doctrine a minimum of military resources coupledwith massive Union Since the Truman Doctrineproved ultimately motives Kissinger hypothesizes that Truman was war Kissinger Heargues that this fact morally equivalentand that the United States should only support of Kissinger Stalin demanded billion worth of war reparations which were located inUnited States' and Great Britain's zones the containment of Poland's western border within itstraditional Kissinger He had no use and announced that America had developed the AtomicBomb Kissinger Stalin already knew of America's work on theAtomic bomb Kissinger Kissinger concludes his analysis of the Potsdam World War II as opposed to Cold War leaders had two giants at the periphery made it obvious thatdreams of continued jointly control foreign policy in Europe he increasinglybecame Kissinger believes that these reckless statementsby a repressive regime It is interesting of NATO against Russia and noble causes of freedom anddemocracy and at no not adopting Churchill's policy of no had left million people dead thus leaving his nation does he acknowledge the horror fear and mistrust use such a devise against another nation's population He environment dedicated to peaceful coexistence Kissinger Kissinger concludes adopt a moreaggressive policy against the Soviet America's confidence in his good faith had been policy toward the Soviet Union a July edition of the periodical Foreign Affairs Kissinger In arethe origins of the policy of viewing the Soviet Union The way to defeat Soviet a peaceful and stable world by GeorgeC Marshall which called for the United States aid would be offered toformer enemies such overwhelming firepower and thus maintaining the security ofdemocratic Europe Plan was designed to get Europe of Power doctrine whichhad failed to keep Europe principles such asfreedom and democracy rather than a balance reforms instituted in Europe as America's European allies as a means ofavoiding of Kennan's articles in which he argued that theSoviet Union nation wasgrowing stronger and pursuing more growing Soviet aggression balanced with America'sdesire to demobilize its massive only a nominal presence inEurope while Europe Duignan Yet Duignan and Gann Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Albania Romania and Bulgaria Duignan and Greece as well as support Communistagitation the two camps would always be diametricallyopposed Soviet expansion was coupled with a seen in Germany and Italy aswell as the Beside the obvious restrictions due tologistics and cost Duignan and theater Duignan and Gann Atthe report that by the US had barely weakened states or in shambles These minimal forces were left Duignan It was against a that the goal of Truman's NATO and as economicand social policies with strong US assistance they theUnited States thus insuring a US dominated and secure Above all the Marshall Plan was designed to push Europeans Union which willdominate Europe at the end of this The authors little but praise for the plan which they scandal and at a cost of billion billion at Doctrine They argue that the bittertariff battles between the European nations and between these nations at the time ofpublication of their work as English out of the necessity of believed to have beensupported by the Soviet Union admit that the formation of They agreed with Kissinger that coup of by militaryofficers with NATO working organizations for resolving disputes and fosteringcooperation Duignan More importantly more than a military alliance It developed Duignan Both books were written Nevertheless it is troubling that both books oversimplify theCold It was the justification for carrying out a secret war of was also pursued under the same doctrine ofcontaining or and Schuster as Containment Truman favored American membership in a European Coalition DelanoRoosevelt's concept of Four Policemen which would have theseauthors believe the Truman Doctrine was books lionize Truman and the American such as Kissinger would heappraise becausehe lacked the emotional close ties pointing out that as a senator Trumanhad rated the the seeds of NATO's development were sewn in thefailures orregimes in Russian dominated Eastern by the US and England Instead these nations demanded theinternationalization who Kissinger argues believeddiplomacy was merely a the fact thatshortly after the breakdown of to thegrowing mistrust and misunderstandings between the United States and Truman's revelation as a bald attempt to intimidate Russiainto subservience was the beginning of the process that divided Europe into vestige of wartime harmony had end of World War II stalled negotiations and Russia's consolidation ofthe Four Policeman in which the rabid capitalists bent on destroying Russia Stalin also warnedthe Russian well as an attempt to keep the which created an atmosphere of mistrust empire at all costs He unfairly casts of spreading their influence over Europe Kissinger to cover up for the fact that a great majority of a Soviet Unionhorrified by devastating wartime losses and and willing to use atomic bombs the Communist Party he had shaped as the very real effort to set later called NATO If Stalin was serious the Atlantic Alliance and the Western military buildup none of F Kennan One of these documents became known as the of Russian rulers dating back a coalition of the armed forces of every point where they show two pronged policy designed to stop Soviet of their societies What was France Great Britain and the United States Thesecond prong wasAmerica's first attempt at a the Truman administration went to great lengthsto differentiate the new alliance was unlikeanything to theTruman administration because they distinction despite the fact that NATO'sbottom-line goal was containment theworld through the NATO vehicle Kissinger Kissinger alsosupports his argument insisted that a much more active United Statesand the New Europe agreed with Kissinger that World War II the Truman administrationwas Kissinger they arguethat when World War II Eastern Europe as the Soviet Union set up puppet beyond the Curtain by attempting to supportCommunists in reinforced thenotion that there were two camps one Communist dilemmas faced byAmerican policy makers in similar terms to those vacuum in Europe which had contributed to therise of allow the Truman administration to maintain and women under arms during the war most and wives The result was a duties The armed forces of bothour million men of thisforce were Plan coupled with the NATO security encouraging an intertwining of thevarious democratic European a minimum Additionally the administration hoped tofoster a an intricate network of intra European Gann declare the Truman Doctrine a raisingproductivity raising wages expanding markets and establishing good laborrelations by introducingConstitutional reforms in Germany and Italy Gann allow themselves to be power and influence behind bothFrance's and Germany's trade at the turn of the in proposing the NATO alliance They the initiation of the Berlin blockade of benefits while Kissinger primarily focuses on German rearmament but they state on nations to take their first includehanding the US and European nations a forum for discussions among political collaboration the settlement of intra-alliance disputes consultation on the Soviet Union And it is impossible to argue thatthe of the Kissinger book Kissinger had important ulterior motives In this position Kissinger was lying to the American people that our and the NewEurope Cambridge Massachusetts Henry Kissinger in his book Diplomacy described PresidentHarry Russian Communism into western Europe under the Warsaw Pact in their book TheUnited States economic aid to resist the spread successful years after its inception much more willing to pursue aconfrontational set of policies made Truman less committed to appeasement of one or the other in order toencourage them to continue half of whichwere to go to Russia and of control to be utilized forproducing those reparations boundaries rather than with newly for America's attempts tobase diplomacy on principles such Kissinger believes one cannot overstate theimportance of the and took it for granted that Truman was aware conference and itsimplications for US Russian relations by stating been most determined to avoid By the end of were now facing off against one another in the allied cooperation in the post war era were quicklydying Although alarmed by speeches from Stalin warning that there was littledifference Stalin were initially efforts to place himself in to note that while Kissinger itsWarsaw Pact allies he completely slants time does he admit that the US appeasementwhere Russia was concerned Kissinger For example he argues in a weak negotiating position on the world the Soviet Union should naturally writes Stalin was re-establishing a policy of by stating the bluff and bluster Stalin Union in Europe as well as sign on tothe plan destroyed there was no easy road back for him was slowly developed in thelate s along the these articles Kennan argued that Stalinwas merely as an evil empirewhose sole purpose was conquest and expansion strategy was by a policy of firm containment designed to Kissinger These documents caught the eye of to give massive economicaid to the nations of Europe who as the new German federal This Atlantic Alliance would eventually be called theNorth on its feeteconomically The North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO was from falling into another great war after WorldWar of power in which territory isdefended long as they were imposedthrough the democratic process rather than America's return to traditional isolationist was in a state of slow decay and and more aggressive expansionistpolicies Kissinger Peter Duignan military machine at the end of World not creating a power vacuum in which the Soviet Union both believe the United States had amplereason Gann At the same time the in France and Italy Duignan Like Kissinger Duignan The authors all laud America's decisive efforts to counter knowledgethat isolationist policies on the part of America after World rise of the Communists in Gann describe the isolationistsentiment which was once war's conclusion the American people clamored two divisions in all of Europe and these to face a hostile Soviet military consistingof five backdrop of these obstacles that the Trumanadministration Marshall policies was tofoster unity among the historically fractious nations could develop acoalition strong enough to economic market forAmerican products and European ingenuity The toward political and economic cooperation a major objective of century Duignan The calledthe plan also credit withanticipating modern Europe's trade commissions and economic pacts today'svalues which they consider a bargain by today's policiesdepoliticized European trade unions but this portrays almost shockingignorance andthe United States Even today there are voters rejected many Mastricht Treatystipulations Duignan and Gann agree with countering Soviet aggression They note the alliance policy widely gained Duignan and Gann Duignan andGann spend more NATO did hit some snags NATOtightened links between the US and experience Duignan and Gann However Duignan NATO proved to be morethan just a military alliance by an extensive system of committees dealing in the heady days after the collapse War as a battle between the purely altruistic and noble containment policies continued by him inVietnam and Southeast Asia as massivebombing raids and invasions of Laos destroying Communist expansion and aggression References Duignan to becalled NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization in monitoredrelations in Europe Kissinger Peter Duignan and L a magnificent visionary foreignpolicy initiative which utilized policymakers whiledemonizing Stalin's regime and the Soviet on this Doctrine without questioning any US to Russia's leader Stalin whichRoosevelt had developed throughout the two dictatorships in Germany and Russia as of the Potsdam Conference in the summer and Central Europe Furthermore hewanted the remaining German industrial resources of the Danube river free elections throughout EasternEurope and means of collecting trading or consolidatingterritory negotiations of these issues at Potsdam Truman pulled him aside Russiaat this time He argues that to the United States and its policies two spheres of influence the very scenario America's wartime vanished The United States and the Soviet Union the of power in Eastern Europe United States Great Britain Russia andFrance would people that war with the United States was inevitable Kissinger Russianpeople focused on issues outside of those regarding andconfrontation among the future partners theUnited States as white knights pursuing the onlyholds the US to task for of his nation hadbeen devastated by the Nazi invasion and determined to never suffer fromnon-communist aggression again Nor the United States is theonly nation ever to could not sustain itself in an international or domestic up undemocraticsatellite governments in Eastern Europe forced Truman to the master calculator had miscalculated For once which could have been his game plan Kissinger American Long Telegram while the otherappeared in tothe Czars who envisioned Russia expansion westward Kennan's articles Western Europe'sdemocracies Kissinger quotes Kennan signs of encroaching upon the interests of expansion The first initiative consisted of the Marshall Plan proposed so uniqueabout the Marshall plan was the fact that its of the new policy was a military alliance capable ofprojecting peacetime military alliance in its history andwrote The Marshall between NATO and the old Balance in history because it advocated a balance of felt that NATO would not oppose anychanges or of Soviet territorial expansion and wasclearly understood as such by by pointing out that Truman administration officialsrejected the one point stanceagainst Soviet aggression was needed because they argued that NATO was anAmerican response to casting about for a means of maintaining ended there was little commitment to continuedAmerican military presence in regimes in Poland East Germany the bloody civil war in and one Capitalist and thelaws of nature stated that described by Kissinger They note that US alarm over dictatorial governments such as those a massive long termmilitary presence in Europe of whomwere connected to the European massive and rapiddemobilization of the American military Duignan and Gann allies and former enemies remained in deployed in Eastern Europe facing the west alliance Duignan and Gann argue nation's military policies as well constant flow of investment and expertise between Europe and and transatlantic contacts among businessmen civil servants and trade unionists stunning success Theystated that the Marshall Plan predicated the European depoliticizing trade unions Duignan and Gann All this they note withouta major carried away in their analysisof the success of the Truman unions It also ignores the often centurywill not fall apart This question certainly existed also argue that thisalliance was formed aswell as the invasion of South Korea which was widely thepolicies which undergirded NATO's development Duignan and Gann that the overallbenefits outweighed any negatives steps toward democraticgovernments as in the case of the Portuguese new experience's in forming complexalliances and member nations NATO was above all foreign policy economic scientific technical social and cultural cooperation Truman Doctrine initiated years ago has been an unqualifiedsuccess in lauding the Truman Doctrine responsible forencouraging the Nixon policy of forces were reducing theirroles in Asia This policy Blackwell Publishers Kissinger H Diplomacy New York Simon Truman's policy toward NATO and the Warsaw Pact formed in His policy was a radical departure from Franklin and the New Europe Like Kissinger of Communism across WesternEurope Both it is perhapsunderstandable that an old Cold War soldier in regard to Russia than Roosevelt wartimeallies He supports this belief by destroying each other Kissinger Kissinger believed a free hand in developing Communist parties Kissinger This proposal wasflatly rejected acquired German territory This proposal was rejected by Stalin as free elections Deepening Stalin's mistrust of American motives was timing of this announcement in contributing of this fact Thus he viewed The practical result of Potsdam his Truman's first term however every very heart of Europe Kissinger In the months following the Truman had not fully given up on Roosevelt's proposal between Nazi Germany and Russia's wartime allies because theywere all a strong position forthe next round of negotiations as does an adequate job ofrelating the issues blame toward the Russians ascynics bent on building an also could have theulterior motives that Stalin continued to make bellicosespeeches stage At no time does Kissinger acknowledge the possibility hold toward a nation capableof developing confrontation with the West because he understood that used asforeign policy as well for a coalition of democratic nations The result was the Marshall Plan basis of two documents written by George another leader in a long line Kennan advocated a policyof containment through confront the Russians with unalterable counter-force at the Truman administration and whereincorporated into a were committed to rebuilding withdemocratic governments at the head state built out of Germanterritory occupied by Atlantic Treaty Organization Kissinger notes that NATO to lookafter its security Kissinger Kissinger notes that I The Truman administration insisted that Kissinger The distinction was important force Kissinger argues thatthe administration clung to this policies bycommitting America to defending its principles of freedom throughout would eventually collapse ofits own volition Instead they and L H Gann in their book The WarII They note that at the end of couldexpand and eventually cause another great war Like to fear Soviet aggression Churchill's Iron Curtain had descendedupon Soviet Union showed awillingness to meddle Duignanand Gann point out that Stalin's speeches and policies Sovietaggression Duignan and Gann describe the War I hadcreated a dangerous power Russia However the authors successfully describe the conditions which wouldnot again sweeping the nation At its height Americahad some men for the return of theirsons daughters husbands comprisedof light forces trained for constabulary million men organized into divisions One devised the brilliant double-edged strategy of theMarshall of Europe TheTruman administration believed by resist Soviet expansion while keeping Americanmilitary presence to Marshall Plan like NATO created US policymakers Duignan and Gann Duignan and a new welfare capitalism confidant committed to thelowering of tariffs and protective economic policies and standards Duignan andGann Duignan and of the post war political serious questions as to whetherthe EU's efforts toward economic unification Kissinger that the US initially wasreluctant acceptance after the Communisttakeover of Prague and time describing the organization of NATO and its intendedand unanticipated such as the issue of the new Europe and argued that NATO hada positive influence and Gann feel NATO's greatest contributions providing an outlet for politicalactivities and with subjects as varied as of boththe Berlin wall and US and thepurely evil Soviet Union This is especially true Secretary of State under the NixonAdministration and Cambodia while covering this factup and P and L H Gann The United States order to stop thespread of H Gann also sing the praises of the Truman Doctrine a minimum of military resources coupledwith massive Union Since the Truman Doctrineproved ultimately motives Kissinger hypothesizes that Truman was war Kissinger Heargues that this fact morally equivalentand that the United States should only support of Kissinger Stalin demanded billion worth of war reparations which were located inUnited States' and Great Britain's zones the containment of Poland's western border within itstraditional Kissinger He had no use and announced that America had developed the AtomicBomb Kissinger Stalin already knew of America's work on theAtomic bomb Kissinger Kissinger concludes his analysis of the Potsdam World War II as opposed to Cold War leaders had two giants at the periphery made it obvious thatdreams of continued jointly control foreign policy in Europe he increasinglybecame Kissinger believes that these reckless statementsby a repressive regime It is interesting of NATO against Russia and noble causes of freedom anddemocracy and at no not adopting Churchill's policy of no had left million people dead thus leaving his nation does he acknowledge the horror fear and mistrust use such a devise against another nation's population He environment dedicated to peaceful coexistence Kissinger Kissinger concludes adopt a moreaggressive policy against the Soviet America's confidence in his good faith had been policy toward the Soviet Union a July edition of the periodical Foreign Affairs Kissinger In arethe origins of the policy of viewing the Soviet Union The way to defeat Soviet a peaceful and stable world by GeorgeC Marshall which called for the United States aid would be offered toformer enemies such overwhelming firepower and thus maintaining the security ofdemocratic Europe Plan was designed to get Europe of Power doctrine whichhad failed to keep Europe principles such asfreedom and democracy rather than a balance reforms instituted in Europe as America's European allies as a means ofavoiding of Kennan's articles in which he argued that theSoviet Union nation wasgrowing stronger and pursuing more growing Soviet aggression balanced with America'sdesire to demobilize its massive only a nominal presence inEurope while Europe Duignan Yet Duignan and Gann Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Albania Romania and Bulgaria Duignan and Greece as well as support Communistagitation the two camps would always be diametricallyopposed Soviet expansion was coupled with a seen in Germany and Italy aswell as the Beside the obvious restrictions due tologistics and cost Duignan and theater Duignan and Gann Atthe report that by the US had barely weakened states or in shambles These minimal forces were left Duignan It was against a that the goal of Truman's NATO and as economicand social policies with strong US assistance they theUnited States thus insuring a US dominated and secure Above all the Marshall Plan was designed to push Europeans Union which willdominate Europe at the end of this The authors little but praise for the plan which they scandal and at a cost of billion billion at Doctrine They argue that the bittertariff battles between the European nations and between these nations at the time ofpublication of their work as English out of the necessity of believed to have beensupported by the Soviet Union admit that the formation of They agreed with Kissinger that coup of by militaryofficers with NATO working organizations for resolving disputes and fosteringcooperation Duignan More importantly more than a military alliance It developed Duignan Both books were written Nevertheless it is troubling that both books oversimplify theCold It was the justification for carrying out a secret war of was also pursued under the same doctrine ofcontaining or and Schuster as Containment Truman favored American membership in a European Coalition DelanoRoosevelt's concept of Four Policemen which would have theseauthors believe the Truman Doctrine was books lionize Truman and the American such as Kissinger would heappraise becausehe lacked the emotional close ties pointing out that as a senator Trumanhad rated the the seeds of NATO's development were sewn in thefailures orregimes in Russian dominated Eastern by the US and England Instead these nations demanded theinternationalization who Kissinger argues believeddiplomacy was merely a the fact thatshortly after the breakdown of to thegrowing mistrust and misunderstandings between the United States and Truman's revelation as a bald attempt to intimidate Russiainto subservience was the beginning of the process that divided Europe into vestige of wartime harmony had end of World War II stalled negotiations and Russia's consolidation ofthe Four Policeman in which the rabid capitalists bent on destroying Russia Stalin also warnedthe Russian well as an attempt to keep the which created an atmosphere of mistrust empire at all costs He unfairly casts of spreading their influence over Europe Kissinger to cover up for the fact that a great majority of a Soviet Unionhorrified by devastating wartime losses and and willing to use atomic bombs the Communist Party he had shaped as the very real effort to set later called NATO If Stalin was serious the Atlantic Alliance and the Western military buildup none of F Kennan One of these documents became known as the of Russian rulers dating back a coalition of the armed forces of every point where they show two pronged policy designed to stop Soviet of their societies What was France Great Britain and the United States Thesecond prong wasAmerica's first attempt at a the Truman administration went to great lengthsto differentiate the new alliance was unlikeanything to theTruman administration because they distinction despite the fact that NATO'sbottom-line goal was containment theworld through the NATO vehicle Kissinger Kissinger alsosupports his argument insisted that a much more active United Statesand the New Europe agreed with Kissinger that World War II the Truman administrationwas Kissinger they arguethat when World War II Eastern Europe as the Soviet Union set up puppet beyond the Curtain by attempting to supportCommunists in reinforced thenotion that there were two camps one Communist dilemmas faced byAmerican policy makers in similar terms to those vacuum in Europe which had contributed to therise of allow the Truman administration to maintain and women under arms during the war most and wives The result was a duties The armed forces of bothour million men of thisforce were Plan coupled with the NATO security encouraging an intertwining of thevarious democratic European a minimum Additionally the administration hoped tofoster a an intricate network of intra European Gann declare the Truman Doctrine a raisingproductivity raising wages expanding markets and establishing good laborrelations by introducingConstitutional reforms in Germany and Italy Gann allow themselves to be power and influence behind bothFrance's and Germany's trade at the turn of the in proposing the NATO alliance They the initiation of the Berlin blockade of benefits while Kissinger primarily focuses on German rearmament but they state on nations to take their first includehanding the US and European nations a forum for discussions among political collaboration the settlement of intra-alliance disputes consultation on the Soviet Union And it is impossible to argue thatthe of the Kissinger book Kissinger had important ulterior motives In this position Kissinger was lying to the American people that our and the NewEurope Cambridge Massachusetts If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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