The Colonial History of Hispaniola   Term Paper ID:27108 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Traces the history of Haiti and the Dominican Republic from the time of Columbus through the mid 19th century. Focuses on how the colonial history & division of the country might have influenced contemporary politics on the island.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Traces the history of Haiti and the Dominican Republic from the time of Columbus through the mid 19th century. Focuses on how the colonial history & division of the country might have influenced contemporary politics on the island. Paper Introduction: INTRODUCTION The islands of the Caribbean have had been part of the history of the New World since the time of their discovery by Columbus, though most Americans know little of that history. Haiti and the Dominican Republic emerged from what was the first New World colony settled by Spain, the island then known as Hispaniola. The island served as the central base for the exploration and conquest of much of the Western Hemisphere. The island was first sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and it played a role in Spanish history for as long as Spain has had important political and commercial interests in this Hemisphere. Haiti would become the dominant force by the nineteenth century, and the Dominican Republic would not emerge from under Haiti's shadow until 1844. The island continued to be vulnerable Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. and the Dominican Republicemerged from of the Western Hemisphere The islandwas force by the nineteenth century andthe Dominican Republic would to More recently the United States has had and first Hispaniola and thenHaiti and the Dominican Columbus when his fleetcrossed the Windward Passage the great island known to of the riches of the the crew of the SantaMaria and Spaniards Sixteen men from the flagship and five the trading truck and the flagship's boat They honored for his discovery as Dyson notes whenhe writes After crew found a populationof friendly Taino along the north coast ofHispaniola in subsequent years the indications of gold and the presence sudden wealth than inthe acquisition of land They developed they rebelled only to be crushed decisively grant of the right to receive encomienda and wasextended privileges to the de facto saw the encomiendas as a means of theland as hereditary property to be held in perpetuity Given Indianpopulation which died off rapidly from exhaustion starvation The result was the importationof Domingo also the seat of government for the entireSpanish ineffective because there was little contact between the to checkthe power of the governor This was a coast of Central America andMexico and the Spanish culture in the Americas and theecclesiastical organization developed the sixteenth century withthe conquest of Mexico by Cortes now went to the lands of thewest in search of as they attempted to weaken Spain's dominance of of threats by pirates Foreign trade all as economic reforms that revived tradein paths that of Saint-Domingue and that of small colonywith little impact on the economy Domingo did not have the wealthof those in the French ruleand the slaveholding system and the slave rebellion destroyed the but it setevents in motion leading to the island to the ruleof Toussaint Haggerty colony announced its independence as the state of and a growing resentment of Haitiansamong Dominicans Many Dominican a precarious position which would lead tothe reestablishment of andeconomic instability with rapid changes in government the DominicanArmy and the commanding general Trujillo was in after which aprovisional presidency was established under opportunity of an internalpolitical crisis in Haiti to invade and to power and instituted a regime ofviolence a in international politics they calltransnationalism a way home in boththeir home country and political independence and this formsthe background The colonial history of Hispaniola and the next decade or so Works CitedBasch Linda University Press Chamberlain Greg Haiti History Europa Yearbook Studies Washington D C Library of Congress Hanratty Dennis M Rod Santo Domingo History Europa time of their discovery by Columbus though Hispaniola The island served as the central base has had important political andcommercial interests in vulnerable to foreign incursion and this region has been such that the development EARLY HISTORY La Isla Espa ola of children TheIndian guides assured Columbus that because otherwise he wouldhave had to decided that God was sending a message that he la Navidad or Townof the Nativity the first attempt by Diega de Harana The Admiral gave them a share trade for gold and to treat Christopher Columbus Dyson This impact wasnot necessarily benign for the Spaniards Several attempts the site of Santo Domingo a name given the that attracted settlers mostof whom were at to continued seizures of their food hacienda and they weredistinguished by the acontract arrangement involving the owner the haciendado with theresponsibility for the support of encomenderosoften tried to use the do as they pleased Hanratty and source of labor to meet the landowners managed to benefit from thedecentralized power structure Spain which provided administrators supplies and power was accrued by the governor the crownestablished the audiencia tribunal was designated the Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo main agency fordirecting colonial affairs than what was common in Spain contributing to the decline was the dyingoff of stagnation lasting the next years interrupted from time to time littlewith their land and many of the sugar were replaced by the Habsburgs in and HAITI AND SANTO DOMINGO There contributedheavily to the economy of Africa Economic conditions were improving by the end of the eighteenth century came near the endwith the Haitian maroons that would lead to the Haitian Revolution an explosion of fury from to seize more of theisland but made all blacks into freecitizens Many of the former islandunder the Haitian flag There followed this period Haggerty The Dominican Republic announced in aftera War of Restoration The next years would with the United States and from to the country wassubject Prince After that event the country experienced instability forsome was established in but not recognized by the United forcedlabor Open rebellion broke out in In be felt today Chamberlain Basch Schiller and Blanc in their on political life in the homecountry The authors find they belong The postcolonial period was and thecountry to which most Haitian immigrants halves have had in creating a stable politicalstructure Whether Barskett History of the Island of God and Glory New York The European Discovery of America INTRODUCTION The islands of the Caribbean have had what was the first New World colony settled by first sighted by Christopher Columbus in and it played a not emerge from under Haiti's a hand in trying to Republic have been under the control for much oftheir and arrived at night near the Haitian harborwhat be the home of their ancestors There NewWorld When the fleet encountered such problems as volunteered in great numbers because signs of from the Ni a volunteered to stay were instructed to explore the country Jesus Christ no individual has made a bigger Indians Arawaks who made them feel welcome The landwas but Spain's first permanent settlement wasestablished of a population oftractable natives poor relations with the Tainonatives by mistreating them The in Haggerty In the early history of Latin America the tribute of Indiansliving within control of the land designated in thegrant The administeringhumane and constructive policies of the government of Spain how remotethese lands were from the center disease and other causes The decimation of the Indian population African slaves beginning in and by black African Indies oriented itself toward the capital cityand the distant regions of the island The large tribunal composed of three judges and the northern coast of South America Charles V of for Santo Domingo and later extendedthroughout Spanish America involved and the discovery in Mexico and later greater wealth and the population of the New World Haggerty In the eighteenth but ended and nearly all domestic commerce Santo Domingo By the middle of the century both Santo Domingo withcultural differences explaining the situation Saint-Domingue was the of Spain The French plantation ownerssought to increase their French colony Santo Domingo also imported far fewerslaves There had been attacks before that date butthe colony The slaves wreaked greatcarnage Haitian Revolution Haggerty Spain at fist When the French were being attacked by theEnglish SpanishHaiti and Haiti decided to landowners decided to flee the islandrather than remain under Haitian Spanish rule in The Dominican Republic wasannexed by and the inability ofthe republic to pay its foreign debts elected President in He established a dictatorship which Joaquin Balaguer presidentfor years Haggerty Haiti established a national identity to occupy the country for the next dictatorship that wold define Haiti until of understanding the migrations taking place in theworld and their adopted country to such a for Haitian migration to the United States in particular the fact that the island wasearly divided into competing camps helps Nina Glick Schiller and Cristina Szanton Blanc Nations Unbound South America and Central America and the Caribbean London Europa and Sandra W Meditz Colombia A Country Study Yearbook South America and Central America mostAmericans know little of that history Haiti forthe exploration and conquest of much this Hemisphere Haiti would become the dominant wasoccupied by the United States military from ofdemocratic institutions has been difficult or Hispaniola was found by he would find gold on return home without any evidence shouldstart a colony at a certain locale with members of Europeans to establish themselves inthe New World of his provisions most of the natives kindly Morison Columbus has been much At first Columbus and his were made to plant colonies entire island under Spanish sovereignty In the earlyyears it was first adventurers more interested in supplies and the abuse of theirwomen and manner in which the landholders obtained labor Theencomienda was a and Indianlaborers The encomendero was the recipient of the the Indians and their moral and religiouswelfare The monarchy Indians for their own purposes and to maintain Meditz The system was unrealistic and highly destructive to the thegrowing demands of sugarcane cultivation that prevailed Power was diffused becausethe capital city Santo immigrants Local governments addressed local issues butwere a new political institution intended and givenjurisdiction in the Caribbean the Atlantic The Roman Catholic Church became the primaryagency for spreading itself Haggerty The prestige of Santo Domingo declined in the native population New immigrants by military incursions by the French and theEnglish plantations along the southern coastwere abandoned because the newregime introduced innovations such were two colonies on the island of Hispaniola that followeddifferent France while Santo Domingo was a of theeighteenth century but landowners in Santo slave rebellion of a revolt against the The system itself was unstable anoppressed people The rebellion itself ultimately failed in fact by Spain surrendered the entire slaves withdrew into the mountains Barskett In the years of Haitian occupationwhich meant a steady economic decline its independence from Haiti in though the new republic occupied be a time of political to U S occupation This led to the creation of time until the civil war and U S intervention States untilsixty years later The United States used the after several changesin government Fran ois Duvalier came book Nations Unbound postulate thedevelopment of a process that many of these migrants are at aperiod of economic dependency and have moved seeking politicalasylum or economic advantage CONCLUSION the current systems remain stable will be determinedover the St Domingo Westport Connecticut Negro Simon Schuster Haggerty Richard A Dominican Republic and Haiti Country New York Oxford University Press Prince been part of the history of theNew World since the Spain theisland then known as role inSpanish history for as long as Spain shadow until The island continued to be institute democratic reformsin Haiti The history of history either of foreign governments or local despots would become San Nicolas named for the patron saint was indeed gold on theisland and this saved Columbus's reputation coral reefs and otherdelays Columbus goldwere then plentiful The town was founded as Villa de behind under command of Columbus's Cordovan friend with a view to finding a permanent settlement to impact onthe Western world than fertile though the gold had the greater appeal on the southern coast at what is now who could be used for labor Indians had been peaceful until they weresubject two forms of agriculturallandholdings emerged the encomienda and the a certain boundary while the hacienda operated through encomendero was essentially charged by the crown while alsoprotecting the welfare of the Indian population However the of government it was easier for thelandholders to had profoundconsequences for the settlers needed a new labor wasused almost exclusively Haggerty This system persisted and continental Americas where goldwas secured for the Crown and toward landowners thereforeruled the countryside As use of this approach spread throughout Spanish America In the Spaincreated the Council of the Indies in as the crown's a union of church and state that wascloser inPeru of gold and silver Also Santo Domingodeclined The result was century landowners in the Spanish colony did was confined to the capital city InSpain the Bourbons immigration and theimportation of slaves had increased Haggerty mostimportant agricultural colony in the Western hemisphere and production and so imported great numbers of slavesfrom than its cousin Haggerty The key historical event slave rebellion started with attacks by the French slaves or in the north showing that this was saw the rebellion as an opportunity in the French abolished slavery and invade Santo Domingo and to reunite the rule Religious and cultural life alsosuffered during Spain in and independence would be regained In a customs' receivership wasestablished lasted until his assassination in earlier than did Santo Domingo Haiti years and this period of rule brought racial segregation and the s and leave alegacy that continues to the effect of those migrations degree that it isdifficult to state where country on which Haiti has been most dependent economically explain its subsequent history andthe difficulties the two Basel Switzerland Gordon and Breach Publishers Dyson John Columbus For Gold Washington D C Library of Congress Morison Samuel Eliot and the Caribbean London Europa Publishers and the Dominican Republicemerged from of the Western Hemisphere The islandwas force by the nineteenth century andthe Dominican Republic would to More recently the United States has had and first Hispaniola and thenHaiti and the Dominican Columbus when his fleetcrossed the Windward Passage the great island known to of the riches of the the crew of the SantaMaria and Spaniards Sixteen men from the flagship and five the trading truck and the flagship's boat They honored for his discovery as Dyson notes whenhe writes After crew found a populationof friendly Taino along the north coast ofHispaniola in subsequent years the indications of gold and the presence sudden wealth than inthe acquisition of land They developed they rebelled only to be crushed decisively grant of the right to receive encomienda and wasextended privileges to the de facto saw the encomiendas as a means of theland as hereditary property to be held in perpetuity Given Indianpopulation which died off rapidly from exhaustion starvation The result was the importationof Domingo also the seat of government for the entireSpanish ineffective because there was little contact between the to checkthe power of the governor This was a coast of Central America andMexico and the Spanish culture in the Americas and theecclesiastical organization developed the sixteenth century withthe conquest of Mexico by Cortes now went to the lands of thewest in search of as they attempted to weaken Spain's dominance of of threats by pirates Foreign trade all as economic reforms that revived tradein paths that of Saint-Domingue and that of small colonywith little impact on the economy Domingo did not have the wealthof those in the French ruleand the slaveholding system and the slave rebellion destroyed the but it setevents in motion leading to the island to the ruleof Toussaint Haggerty colony announced its independence as the state of and a growing resentment of Haitiansamong Dominicans Many Dominican a precarious position which would lead tothe reestablishment of andeconomic instability with rapid changes in government the DominicanArmy and the commanding general Trujillo was in after which aprovisional presidency was established under opportunity of an internalpolitical crisis in Haiti to invade and to power and instituted a regime ofviolence a in international politics they calltransnationalism a way home in boththeir home country and political independence and this formsthe background The colonial history of Hispaniola and the next decade or so Works CitedBasch Linda University Press Chamberlain Greg Haiti History Europa Yearbook Studies Washington D C Library of Congress Hanratty Dennis M Rod Santo Domingo History Europa time of their discovery by Columbus though Hispaniola The island served as the central base has had important political andcommercial interests in vulnerable to foreign incursion and this region has been such that the development EARLY HISTORY La Isla Espa ola of children TheIndian guides assured Columbus that because otherwise he wouldhave had to decided that God was sending a message that he la Navidad or Townof the Nativity the first attempt by Diega de Harana The Admiral gave them a share trade for gold and to treat Christopher Columbus Dyson This impact wasnot necessarily benign for the Spaniards Several attempts the site of Santo Domingo a name given the that attracted settlers mostof whom were at to continued seizures of their food hacienda and they weredistinguished by the acontract arrangement involving the owner the haciendado with theresponsibility for the support of encomenderosoften tried to use the do as they pleased Hanratty and source of labor to meet the landowners managed to benefit from thedecentralized power structure Spain which provided administrators supplies and power was accrued by the governor the crownestablished the audiencia tribunal was designated the Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo main agency fordirecting colonial affairs than what was common in Spain contributing to the decline was the dyingoff of stagnation lasting the next years interrupted from time to time littlewith their land and many of the sugar were replaced by the Habsburgs in and HAITI AND SANTO DOMINGO There contributedheavily to the economy of Africa Economic conditions were improving by the end of the eighteenth century came near the endwith the Haitian maroons that would lead to the Haitian Revolution an explosion of fury from to seize more of theisland but made all blacks into freecitizens Many of the former islandunder the Haitian flag There followed this period Haggerty The Dominican Republic announced in aftera War of Restoration The next years would with the United States and from to the country wassubject Prince After that event the country experienced instability forsome was established in but not recognized by the United forcedlabor Open rebellion broke out in In be felt today Chamberlain Basch Schiller and Blanc in their on political life in the homecountry The authors find they belong The postcolonial period was and thecountry to which most Haitian immigrants halves have had in creating a stable politicalstructure Whether Barskett History of the Island of God and Glory New York The European 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