DELAYED CHILDBIRTH.   Term Paper ID:27052 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines reasons for, advantages & disadvantages of, pregnancy outcomes & nursing interventions related to woman's decision to have children until she is 35 years or older.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Examines reasons for, advantages & disadvantages of, pregnancy outcomes & nursing interventions related to woman's decision to have children until she is 35 years or older. Paper Introduction: DELAYED CHILDBIRTH Introduction According to O'Reilly-Green and Cohen (1993), delayed childbirth is a changing trend in parenting consisting of the decision to put off pregnancy until one is 35 years of age or older. This report examines the phenomena of delayed childbirth. The topics discussed in the paper include: factors influencing delayed childbirth; the advantages of delayed childbearing; the disadvantages of delayed childbearing; various pregnancy outcomes associated with delayed childbirth; and nursing interventions designed to assist mature women in increasing their chances of having healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. Factors Influencing Delayed Childbirth Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. is years of age or older This report nursing interventions designed toassist mature women in increasing their mothers' generation Overall first births among women over rose increased percent from to The rising birth and Olds cite several factors for this delay least graduated high school Second child rearing roles and tasks For tomake sure that their career paths are can lead to delayed childbirthnot only or undergo a period oftreatment frequent ovulation or to problems such as have their firstchild has risen it Advantages of Delayed Childbirth Berkowitz Shovron Lapinski Berkowitz than younger moms Also older moms tend to spend more as well as more encouraging of desired behavior Berkowitz to be relatively stable both psychoemotionally interestingstudy was conducted by Lindman Noting that families divorced families and never-married mothers Instruments used in this types including mothers who belong to the Single In other words if mothers delay childbearing divorced women This finding suggests the strong degree pregnancy and childbirth In thisregard there is a higher risk pregnancy as well as during childbirth or for theirpostnatal emotional well-being gestational diabetes bleeding complications hypertensivedisorders triplets or higher order births It is further notedthat guidelines to promote reproductivehealth and pregnancy According to children or may be at a participate in thatrole or have died Finally increase older women's risk of anunsuccessful pregnancy to mother and or baby formature outcomes Gilbert Nesbitt andDanielsen used in the study both the experimental malpresentation and gestational diabetes were significantlyhigher among older women women was significantlylower than that among nulliparous controls among oldermultiparous women compared with younger multiparous controls Based onfindings spite of lower birth weight and gestational drawn from the U S Centers for Disease Control and studies Both older women and women nulliparous women after adjustment fordemographic characteristics smoking rates rates of very low birth weight oflate fetal deaths very low birth weight moderately preterm birth moderately preterm birth Nursing Interventions In America deferment of marriage and postponement of thedecision to bear children later in life there are in which nursinginterventions can be of assistance data on obstetric history family situation the use risks to the baby and soforth Prenatal care Perry this intervention can be introduced during physical exam with initiation of health such aseducating parents to the increased Also Cowman informs that these families purpose and value Moreover if parents parents make Preexisting health problems can also example diabetes and high blood pressure are much conception and continuedthroughout pregnancy can reduce the risks associated childbearing and the outcome of pregnancy The New EnglandJournal of disabled population In M Stanhope J Lancaster eds Community Grimes D A The morbidity and mortality of pregnancy in relation to healthy child adjustment Survey NO Document available at www development th ed NY McGraw-Hill Perry L low-risk multiparas of years and older A case-control in parenting consisting of the advantages of delayed childbearing thedisadvantages of delayed childbearing various pregnancy Statistics reports thatcontemporary women are having the birth rate for women born in to mothers intheir having their first child and to have a first baby has for themselves and earn their own money rather thanrelying solely life than they did a generation ago In this s or s may have toeither be noted that age-related declines fallopian tubes and interferes with conception helped women to successfully put for example tend to be with their babies and more sensitive to Olds report that coupleswho delay having their first and so can better provide for gaining an education and building a career Lindmanconducted the Parental Authority Questionnaire and a family structures did notdiffer significantly from those in the same regardless of whether they are withdelayed childbirth one of the most Berryman foundthat older women tend to be more However their higher levels of concern do that women over becomingpregnant for the first also said to increase as does intended including in women over it parents in general may complain of having wereyounger Also grandparents who can play a critical there can be more medical problems arising at this time Diverse pregnancy outcomes have been researched for mature to have longer first stage labor greater intrapartum fetal distress at age or over The control population for almost women showed high rates ofcesarean delivery In addition controls Gilbert Nesbitt and Danielsen also observed Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower delivery cesarean forceps and vacuum deliveries than do In another study that examined morbidity and mortality associatedwith women arehospitalized before delivery because of complications inthe control populations In order to investigate the effect of a sample of nulliparousSwedish women N Outcome measures included late the study showed that compared with women aged to years odds ratio wassignificantly higher for very low with an increased risk of poor in life The foregoing review of literatureindicates mothers and babies remain healthythroughout their pregnancy during delivery and Cohen reportthat the nurse can assist in identifying the take a variety of helpful screening testssuch as the increased risk to older mothers role the authors note that nurses shouldmake sure greater risk for developingcomplications that can lead to disability genetic counseling immunizations and reducing lifestylerisks such mature women doctors recommend amniocentesis and nursescan help the decision to abort and here nurses must be skilled conceive the older woman is far more likely thepregnant woman and her developing baby Berkowitz G S Shovron M L Lapinski R outcome A population-based study Journal of the American Book Gilbert W M Nesbitt T S Danielsen B Childbearingbeyond higher in older mothers Obstetricsand Gynecology Lindman L S Family org HealthLibrary faq Pregnancy Over htm Gynecology Clinics of North America Papalia D C Women's experiences ofgiving birth after Birth DELAYED CHILDBIRTH Introduction According to O'Reilly-Green and examines the phenomenaof delayed childbirth The topics discussed chances of having healthypregnancies and healthy babies Factors Influencing to a record percent of rate along with the increasing number of inraising and rearing children First it is noted the authors state that the general public notion example certain feminist philosophies have strongly upheld the need firmly established before they havechildren Third Papalia and because of the age factor but also because for infertility before they are able to conceive a endometriosis in which tissue similar to that lining has to do with the improvement report that there arecertain advantages that are time parenting and to get moresatisfaction from Shovron Lapinski Berkowitz In addition to the benefits associated and in terms oftheir marriage Moreover they often have very few studies haveincluded the growing population of study were the Child Behavior Checklist the Piers-Harris Children's Mothers by Choice organization Results until they over years of age the nature of of stabilitypresent in more mature women Disadvantages of Delayed Childbirth of cesarean births for older mothers Lawton In labor and birth thanyounger women and this is true despite In their discussion of disadvantages associated with of pregnancy cesarean section and for chromosomal abnormalitiesand growth retardation since about half of all pregnancies for all O'Reilly-Green and Cohen another disadvantage ofdelayed childbirth involves parents' stage in their careers inwhich they have O'Reilly-Green and Cohen report that part of growingolder involves or birth or they can women Wong and Ho in their study of labor data from the California Health Information forPolicy Project to andcontrol group delivered their babies during the same two year especially older nulliparas Further there weresimilar Whereas mean birth weight inthe group of older multiparas it was concluded by Gilbert et al that Nulliparous age and may be explained largely by the increase Prevention including vital statistics from the National Center for HealthStatistics ofminority races were found to have higher risks history of infertility and othermedical conditions Cnattingius Forman Berendes and moderately low birth weight moderatelypreterm and very low birth weight verypreterm birth and small for gestational and small forgestational age infants Based on findings it was child-bearingin marriage are resulting in also some cleardisadvantages many of them physical These disadvantages to older women who are ofreproductive technologies and so forth Further the is already recognized as a valuable routine health screening through patient education literature promotion interventions ifpossible such interventions are recommended even risks associated with delayedchildbirth Nurses Cowan states need diverse types ofsupport from nurses such as information discover that their risks are extremely influence pregnancy outcomes While at any age more common inwomen in their s and s than in with these conditionsand in most cases result Medicine Cnattingius S Forman M R Berendes H W Isotalo health nursing Process and practice forpromoting health rd ed stillrisky business American Journal of Masters Abstracts p March of Dimes cdc gov nchswwa data sr pdf O'Reilly-Green C Cohen W E Preconception care a health promotionopportunity study Australian New Zealand Journal ofObstetrics and decision to put off pregnancyuntil one outcomesassociated with delayed childbirth and fewer children and having them later in lifethan their aged yearsrose percent between and and s than in any year since Papalia so they areputting off pregnancy until they have at risen due to certain feministand psychobehavioral views of on their husband's income Thus some women have decided regard the authorsalso report that the decision to marry later wait longer until they are able to conceive in fertility may be due in part to less Fourth another reason that the age at which mothers off childbearinguntil they feel more ready for more at ease with their children their needs than areyounger moms child until the mother is years of age orolder tend theirchildren's needs Concerning parent-child interaction for older mothers an research designed to objectively measure the adjustment ofchildren of intact demographic dataform Study participants were mothers of different family normative group on the measuresused married women never married women or important of which is physicalcomplications associated with both worried about giving birth and about theirbabies' health during not necessarilyhave negative consequences for their experience of time are at increased risk for infertility andmiscarriage the chance of having multiplebirths e g twins is very important that allwomen of reproductive capacity follow lessenergy to devote to young role in earlychildhood development often have become too old to oflife These factors can serve to women Ingeneral these studies show higher physical risks and need more intramuscular analgesia In another study of pregnancy consisted of women who delivered betweenages and years All women rates of birth asphyxia fetal growthrestriction that the birthweight of infants delivered by older nulliparous among oldernulliparas than for nulliparous controls and similarly lower younger nulliparous women This increase occurs in pregnancy Grimes reported that an analysis of recent nationaldata such as thosedelineated in the aforementioned advancing maternal age onpregnancy outcome among healthy fetal and early neonatal death women aged to years had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios birth weight moderately low birthweight very pregnancyoutcomes after adjustment for maternal complications and other riskfactors that while there are certain advantages associated with and afterward With respect to the foregoing one area degree of patient risk thoughcollecting tests related to serum levels genetic makesthis an important area for nursing intervention According to that preconception care includes a comprehensive health historyand in children Cowan reportsthat nursing interventions should involve prevention efforts as smoking or drinking alcohol them to understand the procedure as well as its soas to make sure that they support whatever decision to have apreexisting health problem March of Dimes For However nursing interventionsinvolving careful medical monitoring begun before H Berkowitz R L Delayed Medical Association Cowan M The developmentally age pregnancy outcome in cases Obstetrics andGynecology structure parenting style and otherfactors National Center for Health Statistics Data from the nationalhealth E Olds S W Human Wong S F Ho L C Labour outcome of Cohen delayed childbirth is achanging trend in the paper include factorsinfluencing delayed childbirth the Delayed Childbirth The National Center For Health all births in as opposed to percentof births in Further women inthis age group means that there were more babies that more women now wishto finish their education before of theideal age at which for women tocarve out a career Olds report that women are now marryinglater in infertility increaseswith age Thus some couples who marry in their child In thisregard it can the uterus attaches to the ovariesor of contraception methods This improvement has associated with delayed childbirth Older moms it than do younger moms Furthermore older moms are moreaffectionate with the superior parent-childinteractions for older mothers Papalia and greater financial and familialresources than do younger moms those mothers who have delayedchildbearing while Self-Concept Scale the Parent-Child RelationshipInventory indicated that children from different their interaction with children tends to remainthe On the other hand there are some clear disadvantages associated addition a study conducted by Windridge and a positive health status for theolder woman delayedchildbirth the March of Dimes reports in babies Rates of premature delivery andstillbirth are women in the United Statesare not energy levels In this regard theauthors report that older less time for family participation than when they dealing with certain developmental stages such as midlifecrisis further operate to hamper childrearingefforts Pregnancy Outcomes For Mature Women and perinataloutcomes found that older mothers tend study pregnancy outcomes in women who delivered periodduring which the study was conducted Findings collected significant increases among older multiparas compared with youngermultiparous was no different than that among youngermultiparous controls women age or over have a higher risk of operative in other complications of pregnancy found that about percent of all pregnant of death than were women and Isotalo conducted a population-based cohort study using preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants Findings of age infants Among women aged to years the adjusted concluded that delayedchildbearing is associated unprecedented numbers of couples who desirepregnancy relatively late requireinterventions to make sure that pregnant isthrough assessment In this regard O'Reilly-Green authors report thatnurses can work to help mothers intervention toimprove pregnancy outcomes and and in group health promotionclasses Regarding the nurse's prior to conception Because older women also have a should also be involved in helping olderparents with referral and encouragement Further for many high they areoften faced with a woman should consult her health care provider beforeattempting to younger women and can endanger in a healthy pregnancy References L Delayed childbearing and risk of adverse perinatal pp St Louis Mosby Year Obstetrics and Gynecology Pt Lawton S Cesarean risk Pregnancy Over Document available http www modimes R Pregnancy in women aged and older Obstetrics and Nurse Practice Windridge K C Berryman J Gynaecology is years of age or older This report nursing interventions designed toassist mature women in increasing their mothers' generation Overall first births among women over rose increased percent from to The rising birth and Olds cite several factors for this delay least graduated high school Second child rearing roles and tasks For tomake sure that their career paths are can lead to delayed childbirthnot only or undergo a period oftreatment frequent ovulation or to problems such as have their firstchild has risen it Advantages of Delayed Childbirth Berkowitz Shovron Lapinski Berkowitz than younger moms Also older moms tend to spend more as well as more encouraging of desired behavior Berkowitz to be relatively stable both psychoemotionally interestingstudy was conducted by Lindman Noting that families divorced families and never-married mothers Instruments used in this types including mothers who belong to the Single In other words if mothers delay childbearing divorced women This finding suggests the strong degree pregnancy and childbirth In thisregard there is a higher risk pregnancy as well as during childbirth or for theirpostnatal emotional well-being gestational diabetes bleeding complications hypertensivedisorders triplets or higher order births It is further notedthat guidelines to promote reproductivehealth and pregnancy According to children or may be at a participate in thatrole or have died Finally increase older women's risk of anunsuccessful pregnancy to mother and or baby formature outcomes Gilbert Nesbitt andDanielsen used in the study both the experimental malpresentation and gestational diabetes were significantlyhigher among older women women was significantlylower than that among nulliparous controls among oldermultiparous women compared with younger multiparous controls Based onfindings spite of lower birth weight and gestational drawn from the U S Centers for Disease Control and studies Both older women and women nulliparous women after adjustment fordemographic characteristics smoking rates rates of very low birth weight oflate fetal deaths very low birth weight moderately preterm birth moderately preterm birth Nursing Interventions In America deferment of marriage and postponement of thedecision to bear children later in life there are in which nursinginterventions can be of assistance data on obstetric history family situation the use risks to the baby and soforth Prenatal care Perry this intervention can be introduced during physical exam with initiation of health such aseducating parents to the increased Also Cowman informs that these families purpose and value Moreover if parents parents make Preexisting health problems can also example diabetes and high blood pressure are much conception and continuedthroughout pregnancy can reduce the risks associated childbearing and the outcome of pregnancy The New EnglandJournal of disabled population In M Stanhope J Lancaster eds Community Grimes D A The morbidity and mortality of pregnancy in relation to healthy child adjustment Survey NO Document available at www development th ed NY McGraw-Hill Perry L low-risk multiparas of years and older A case-control in parenting consisting of the advantages of delayed childbearing thedisadvantages of delayed childbearing various pregnancy Statistics reports thatcontemporary women are having the birth rate for women born in to mothers intheir having their first child and to have a first baby has for themselves and earn their own money rather thanrelying solely life than they did a generation ago In this s or s may have toeither be noted that age-related declines fallopian tubes and interferes with conception helped women to successfully put for example tend to be with their babies and more sensitive to Olds report that coupleswho delay having their first and so can better provide for gaining an education and building a career Lindmanconducted the Parental Authority Questionnaire and a family structures did notdiffer significantly from those in the same regardless of whether they are withdelayed childbirth one of the most Berryman foundthat older women tend to be more However their higher levels of concern do that women over becomingpregnant for the first also said to increase as does intended including in women over it parents in general may complain of having wereyounger Also grandparents who can play a critical there can be more medical problems arising at this time Diverse pregnancy outcomes have been researched for mature to have longer first stage labor greater intrapartum fetal distress at age or over The control population for almost women showed high rates ofcesarean delivery In addition controls Gilbert Nesbitt and Danielsen also observed Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower delivery cesarean forceps and vacuum deliveries than do In another study that examined morbidity and mortality associatedwith women arehospitalized before delivery because of complications inthe control populations In order to investigate the effect of a sample of nulliparousSwedish women N Outcome measures included late the study showed that compared with women aged to years odds ratio wassignificantly higher for very low with an increased risk of poor in life The foregoing review of literatureindicates mothers and babies remain healthythroughout their pregnancy during delivery and Cohen reportthat the nurse can assist in identifying the take a variety of helpful screening testssuch as the increased risk to older mothers role the authors note that nurses shouldmake sure greater risk for developingcomplications that can lead to disability genetic counseling immunizations and reducing lifestylerisks such mature women doctors recommend amniocentesis and nursescan help the decision to abort and here nurses must be skilled conceive the older woman is far more likely thepregnant woman and her developing baby Berkowitz G S Shovron M L Lapinski R outcome A population-based study Journal of the American Book Gilbert W M Nesbitt T S Danielsen B Childbearingbeyond higher in older mothers Obstetricsand Gynecology Lindman L S Family org HealthLibrary faq Pregnancy Over htm Gynecology Clinics of North America Papalia D C Women's experiences ofgiving birth after Birth If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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