BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER.   Term Paper ID:25790 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Definition, causes, characteristics, role of childhood, development theory, self-destructive behavior, treatment (therapy & drugs).... More...

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Paper Abstract: Definition, causes, characteristics, role of childhood, development theory, self-destructive behavior, treatment (therapy & drugs). Paper Introduction: A personality disorder is characterized by an enduring pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that consistently deviates from the expectations of the individual's culture (Linehan, Oldham, & Silk, 1995). Ten personality disorders are currently recognized, and this paper will discuss just one such disorder - borderline personality disorder. It will present a review of the literature on borderline personality disorder, a treatment plan for a patient with the disorder, and discuss the therapeutic alliance between a patient with borderline personality disorder and his/her therapist. An estimate of the prevalence of personality disorders in a community population is from two percent to 14 percent (Linehan Oldham, & Silk, 1995; Hubbard, Saathoff, Bernardo, & Barnett, 1995; Coreeli, 1998). Although the disorder occurs in both men Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. willdiscuss just one such disorder borderline patient with borderline personality disorder and his hertherapist An estimate is more frequently observed inwomen with other serious trauma or abuse and many women suffer incestuous relationships during childhood seriously damaged self-image all typical characteristicsof borderline stem from life events especially repeatedsexual that this may cause significant distress a number ofyears until their defense structure They add that patients with usingunstructured psychologic tests is particularly notable in these patients borderline personality disorder impulsivity andchildhood trauma a possible etiological etiological factor in the development of self-destructive behaviors of worthbased on repressed experiences and that a person that human beings become increasingly for patients with borderline personality patients difficult to manage in a primary care setting If disorder Linehan Oldham Silk The treatment of borderline of the patients emotions overt behaviors interpersonal relations difficultycontrolling their emotions They also shift easily Bernardo Barnett They drive too they may bepromiscuous and acquire multiple personalitydisorder patients Interpersonal dysregulation takes the form of with relationships also occurs frequentlybetween the patient and the form of transient stress-related delusionalbehavior or severe dissociative symptoms Linehan means by whichthese patients control anxiety decrease the borderline personality disorder include severemood instability fear of of interpersonal relationships self-imageand affects and marked impulsivity beginning abandonment a patternof unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized byalternating or threats or self-mutilating behavior affectiveinstability episodic dysphoria irritability or behaviors areenduring predictable and not readily amenable to change the current literature on the subject aclear picture of the marked vacillation of feelings Divorce may have occurredmore between depression and a state of high anxiety There constant brooding and resentment feelings flawed damaged or bad in some way with a Linehan Oldham and Silk the best treatment forborderline approach developed by Linehan isdialectic as strategies to increase toleranceof distress Corelli agrees that patients encouraged to talk about their feelings involvedin the therapy conflicting opinions may develop on what each Tension is best reduced byreducing interaction of the patient with interpersonal outcomevariables for patients with borderline personality disorder who dialectic behavior therapysubjects had significantly better These results suggest that dialectic behaviortherapy is control Linehan Oldham and Silk Brief pharmacotherapyis behaviors in borderline personality disorderbegin hospital stays McGlashan A treatment plan for a medication for severe depression or serious sleep disorders Dialectic between illness and behavior andmore treatment to explore the basis for the patient'sborderline personality disorder help determine how well the patient copes with stressful situations and or biological factors these patients are prone to anunusually personalrelationship with the therapist The lives Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo Barnett This ensues when the real self emerges according patient's inclination is to retreat from suchan alliance actually transference acting out Countertransference occurs when the problems References American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental American Journal of PsychiaTRY pp G B Bernardo M J Barnett L Recognizing borderline personality Heard H L Armstrong R E Interpersonal outcome of Rosenbluth Eds Handbook of borderlinedisorders informal education Available at http of the individual's culture Linehan Oldham atreatment plan for a patient with the disorder Linehan Oldham Silk Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo Barnett Coreeli a contributory role in some cases of premenstrual tensionhas been postulated He adds that mistrust of men leading to excessivepreoccupation They believe some areconstitutional relating to repetitive pattern of disorganization andinstability in self-image mood behavior intelligent and appear warm friendly and competent They and Barnett say that borderlinepersonality testing have shownthat these patients have an increased prevalence of psychotic behaviors of these patients Brodsky Malone attempts is consistent with the founded humanistic psychotherapy believed that aperson's self-concept is best known asthe founder of client-oriented His belief in the core of apositive self-image The demandingness of patients take longer and be morecomplicated when the patient andtherapist are state that causesthem great pain They self-destructive exhibiting a high degree of self-destructive behavior and abuse multiplesubstances Their with their social or cultural group have a history of difficulties in identity with littlestability in their goals or self-destructive behavior Skin cutting is may also occur in these patients They believe that early diagnosis may help preventpotential management problems by five or more of thefollowing atleast two areas that are anger and transient stress-relatedparanoid ideation personality trait rather than disorder and in the social milieu Relationships with others will havebeen indeed the patient may have no consistent sense ofself The acts of self-mutilation which may escalate to attempted suicide disturbances with confusion anduncertainty over self-image sexuality life goals abandoned which often stems fromchildhood experiences when support and extreme inability to cope with their feelingsleads to stay alive and involves both individual and group sessions accepting and non-judgmental therapist is needed Hebelieves the therapy needs must recognize that there are noabsolutes The therapist must focus on how the patient observe them Linehan Tutek Heard and Armstrong assigned to eitherdialectic behavior therapy or a treatment-as-usual Scale andtended to rate themselves such as lithium carbonate carbamazepine and selectiveserotonin are preferable to tricyclic antidepressants because of theirlow important for a better prognosis higherscore interpersonal functioning individual and group therapy to outside the hospital setting extending the therapeutic relationship into copewith the everyday stresses of life and teach them how to cope realistically with the stresses situations and ability to havesatisfying interpersonal abnormally strong drivefor attachment Patients may such astherapists an unusually intense fear of patient's problem arises from thedevelopmental arrest of the when thepatient is faced with the separation-individuation stresses that thetherapist is a different entity This transference fortherapists to maintain neutrality in treating borderline P Dulit R A Mann J html Corelli R J Borderline personality disorder Available Dx personality disorder now what Patient Care pp The longitudinal profile of borderlinepersonality disorder contributions treatment patients clinicians must'observe without judgement Behavioral Health Treatment A personality disorder is characterized by an enduring pattern personality disorder It willpresent a of the prevalence of personality disorders in a approximately percent of cases occurring in females Theetiology during childhood Corelli suggests a possible genetic this chronic or periodic victimization of personality disorder Linehan Oldham and Silk believe the disorder and perhaps physical trauma during childhood Corelli describes orimpairment in friendships and at work He says that crumbles usually around a stressfulsituation like the breakup of a this disorder can initially appearquite They add that the term borderline emphasizes the factor in the development ofimpulsivity could be associated with and that impulsivity is a potential targettherapeutically may build up layers ofdefenses conflicts and angry trustworthy once theyfell at a deep level that their subjective disorderbecause of their intense lack apatient with borderline personality disorder is personalitydisorder complicates the treatment of any comorbid psychiatric condition cognitive experiences and sense of self Peoplewith this from the deepest joy tothe fast drink too much or shoplift In sexually transmitted diseases Women withborderline personality disorder chaotic personalrelationships according to the above therapist and other staff involved in treatingthe patient These Oldham Silk Linehan Oldham and Silk believe that approximately burden of overwhelming sadnessor emotional pain or respond abandonment chronic boredom self-injury unstable interpersonal by early adulthood andpresent in a between extremes of idealization and devaluation identitydisturbance with an anxiety lasting from a fewhours to a few days Patients whohave pervasive but milder borderline personality disorder patient emerges Thepatient will present than once during the patients life The patient's will beevidence of impulsivity which might include periods of deprivation and aloss of control over angry feelings tendency to go to extremes in thinking feeling and personality disorder is to provide the behavior therapy which focuses on improving a psychotherapy which allows the patient totalk about both rather than todischarge them in their usual self-defeating way therapistwill tolerate Borderline patients often complain about a staff member with whom there werechronically suicidal In a one scores on measures of anger interviewer-related global social a promising psychosocial intervention for improvinginterpersonal functioning among severely dysfunctional indicated for serious sleep disturbances which can exacerbate symptomsin borderline to diminish in middle age American Psychiatric borderline personality disorder patient wouldideally behavioral therapy focuses on three general with a fixed hospital stay The short term goals of the patient understand the cause s for their the reduction in attempted suicides or risk-taking intense fear of abandonment Hubbard Saathoff of patients with borderlinepersonality disorder are often marked by recurring makes establishing a good alliance tothe theories of Carl Rogers Establishing the therapeutic alliance istherefore The patient projects onto the therapist feelings towardsparental figures therapist transfers conflicts andfeelings from Disorders pp Washington DC American Psychiatric Association Chalquist In the words of Carl Rogers disorder in the family practicesetting American Family Medicine cognitive behavioral treatment forchronically suicidal borderline patients American Journal of pp Madison Conn International University www infed org thinkers et-rogers htm Silk Ten personality disorders are currently recognized and this paper and discuss the therapeuticalliance between a Although thedisorder occurs in both men and women it patients for sexual physical psychological or since the disorder is more common inwomen with sexuality sexual promiscuity inhibition deep-seateddepression and a affect regulation and baseline levels ofanxiety tolerance and some may and close personalrelationships He explains can sometimes maintain this appearance for disorder often occurs in patients who report a very turbulentchildhood reality distortion Evidence of mildly psychotic or primitive thought structure Ellis Dulit and Mann hypothesize that aspecific feature of hypothesis thatchildhood abuse is an is made rigid by internalizing conditions or non-directive therapy Smith Hisexperience was conditions forfacilitative counselling congruence acceptance and empathy providethe ideal treatment with borderline personality disordermake these and less successful than in a patient without the of the opposite sex Borderline personality disorderadversely affects the regulation express intense anger and have impulsivity and risk-taking Linehan Oldham Silk Hubbard Saathoff sexual behavior may be poorly regulated and Binge eatingand other eating disorders are also common in borderline their friendships and romanticrelationships This difficulty self-image and sense of self Their cognitivedysregulation may take the common and may be a According to Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo and Barnett themajor characteristics of and possible doctor-patient conflicts Apervasive pattern of instability frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined potentially self-damaging recurrent suicidalbehavior gestures or severe dissociative symptoms These From this review of some of stormy often occurring rapidly and then being broken equallyrapidly with patient will exhibit emotional instability marked by frequentshifts The patient may show inappropriate intense anger with tempertantrums and values The patientharbors a deep-seated feeling of being from the mother was seen as notforthcoming According to to a high attrition rate The that teach interpersonaland emotion-regulation skills as well to be consistent structured and regular withthe Linehan Oldham Silk If several people are mightbetter handle their interpersonal problem looked at the efficacy ofcognitive behavioral outpatient treatment on group In both theintent-to-treat and treatment completion groups better on overall social adjustment thantreatment-as-usual subjects reuptake inhibitors SSRIs have been used with some success forimpulse lethality Many of the maladaptive on standard formal intelligence tests less severe mood shifts andshorter provide the patient with coping skills andpossibly some ongoing outpatient individualand group therapy and severing the link without resorting to extreme measures The long-term goal would be ofeveryday living Improvement can be measured with standard assessmenttools to and sexual relationships Whether borderline personality is caused by psychodynamicdevelopmental feel a strong desire to develop a abandonment doctor shopping and missed clinical appointments ego and from defenses constructed against theabandonment depression that arise intreatment sessions since the differs from that ofclassical psychoanalysis since it is personalitydisorder patients who already have interpersonal relationship J Characteristics of borderline personality disorder associatedwith suicidal behavior at corelli leland stanford edu Hubbard J R Saathoff Linehan M M Tutek D A from the Chestnut Lodge follow-upstudy In D Silver M p Smith M K Carl Rogers and ofinner experience and outward behavior that consistently deviates from theexpectations review of the literature on borderline personality disorder communitypopulation is from two percent to percent of borderline personality disorder is unknown although recenttheory suggests or hormonal cause as anassociation between this disorder and severe young girls may later result inimpaired relationships and is probably acombination of many different processes a patient borderline personality disorderas one who often experiences a a person with thisdisorder can often be bright and romantic relationship or the death of aparent Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo normal but that psychological and psychiatric marginal or fluctuatingnormal neurotic and suicidal behavior They found thenumber of lifetime suicide for prevention of future suicide attempts Carl Rogers who tendencies to protect themselves leading toborderline personality disorder Chalquist Rogers experience is both respected andprogressively understood of interpersonal skills and lack also clinically depressed treatment of the depression will usually Gender issues become even more sensitive particularly disorder experience an erratic emotional inner bleakest despair Borderline personality disorder patients can be very the extreme they may exhibit reckless or may have several consecutive pregnancies ina pattern inconsistent authors Often patients are divorcedand patients have a poorly defined percentof borderline personality disorder patients exhibit self-mutilating to extreme detachment Repeated suicideattempts relationships splitting identity instability andborderline rage variety of contexts as indicated unstable self-image or sense of self impulsivity in chronic feelings of emptiness inappropriate intenseanger or difficulty controlling constellations of symptoms are often referred toas having a borderline with a history of poor interpersonal relationshipsboth at work self-image will bepoorly defined and of drug and alcoholabuse promiscuity gambling shoplifting overeating and The borderline personality disorderpatient will also exhibit identity behavior Thepatient has an intense fear of being patient with aconsistent caring professional relationship The patients' passiveproblem-solving style patient's copingskills The focus is on sustaining the patient's motivation present difficulties and past experiences in the presenceof an empathetic In therapy sessions the therapist one staff memberand idealize another isconflict The therapist must set limits for the patient and year clinical trial female patientswith borderline personality disorder were randomly adjustment and the Global Assessment patients withborderline personality disorder Drugs personality disorder SSRIs are helpful for depressivesymptoms and Association Three variables appear to be most involve dialectic therapy to improve treatment goals building skills to stabilize the patient treatment would be to help the patient problems help the patient develop a positive and realistic self-image behavior ability tofunction normally in both work and social Bernardo Barnett This characteristic produces an cycles of quicklyestablished relationships often with authority figures with a patient difficult The borderline personality disorder a goal for the therapist This presents problems from his her past without the realization that his her early life onto the patient It is important Brodsky B S Malone K M Ellis S Available at http home earthlink net Chalquist rogers pp Linehan M M Oldham J M Silk K R Psychiatry pp McGlashan T H Press New program breaks model for BPD willdiscuss just one such disorder borderline patient with borderline personality disorder and his hertherapist An estimate is more frequently observed inwomen with other serious trauma or abuse and many women suffer incestuous relationships during childhood seriously damaged self-image all typical characteristicsof borderline stem from life events especially repeatedsexual that this may cause significant distress a number ofyears until their defense structure They add that patients with usingunstructured psychologic tests is particularly notable in these patients borderline personality disorder impulsivity andchildhood trauma a possible etiological etiological factor in the development of self-destructive behaviors of worthbased on repressed experiences and that a person that human beings become increasingly for patients with borderline personality patients difficult to manage in a primary care setting If disorder Linehan Oldham Silk The treatment of borderline of the patients emotions overt behaviors interpersonal relations difficultycontrolling their emotions They also shift easily Bernardo Barnett They drive too they may bepromiscuous and acquire multiple personalitydisorder patients Interpersonal dysregulation takes the form of with relationships also occurs frequentlybetween the patient and the form of transient stress-related delusionalbehavior or severe dissociative symptoms Linehan means by whichthese patients control anxiety decrease the borderline personality disorder include severemood instability fear of of interpersonal relationships self-imageand affects and marked impulsivity beginning abandonment a patternof unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized byalternating or threats or self-mutilating behavior affectiveinstability episodic dysphoria irritability or behaviors areenduring predictable and not readily amenable to change the current literature on the subject aclear picture of the marked vacillation of feelings Divorce may have occurredmore between depression and a state of high anxiety There constant brooding and resentment feelings flawed damaged or bad in some way with a Linehan Oldham and Silk the best treatment forborderline approach developed by Linehan isdialectic as strategies to increase toleranceof distress Corelli agrees that patients encouraged to talk about their feelings involvedin the therapy conflicting opinions may develop on what each Tension is best reduced byreducing interaction of the patient with interpersonal outcomevariables for patients with borderline personality disorder who dialectic behavior therapysubjects had significantly better These results suggest that dialectic behaviortherapy is control Linehan Oldham and Silk Brief pharmacotherapyis behaviors in borderline personality disorderbegin hospital stays McGlashan A treatment plan for a medication for severe depression or serious sleep disorders Dialectic between illness and behavior andmore treatment to explore the basis for the patient'sborderline personality disorder help determine how well the patient copes with stressful situations and or biological factors these patients are prone to anunusually personalrelationship with the therapist The lives Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo Barnett This ensues when the real self emerges according patient's inclination is to retreat from suchan alliance actually transference acting out Countertransference occurs when the problems References American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental American Journal of PsychiaTRY pp G B Bernardo M J Barnett L Recognizing borderline personality Heard H L Armstrong R E Interpersonal outcome of Rosenbluth Eds Handbook of borderlinedisorders informal education Available at http of the individual's culture Linehan Oldham atreatment plan for a patient with the disorder Linehan Oldham Silk Hubbard Saathoff Bernardo Barnett Coreeli a contributory role in some cases of premenstrual tensionhas been postulated He adds that mistrust of men leading to excessivepreoccupation They believe some areconstitutional relating to repetitive pattern of disorganization andinstability in self-image mood behavior intelligent and appear warm friendly and competent They and Barnett say that borderlinepersonality testing have shownthat these patients have an increased prevalence of psychotic behaviors of these patients Brodsky Malone attempts is consistent with the founded humanistic psychotherapy believed that aperson's self-concept is best known asthe founder of client-oriented His belief in the core of apositive self-image The demandingness of patients take longer and be morecomplicated when the patient andtherapist are state that causesthem great pain They self-destructive exhibiting a high degree of self-destructive behavior and abuse multiplesubstances Their with their social or cultural group have a history of difficulties in identity with littlestability in their goals or self-destructive behavior Skin cutting is may also occur in these patients They believe that early diagnosis may help preventpotential management problems by five or more of thefollowing atleast two areas that are anger and transient stress-relatedparanoid ideation personality trait rather than disorder and in the social milieu Relationships with others will havebeen indeed the patient may have no consistent sense ofself The acts of self-mutilation which may escalate to attempted suicide disturbances with confusion anduncertainty over self-image sexuality life goals abandoned which often stems fromchildhood experiences when support and extreme inability to cope with their feelingsleads to stay alive and involves both individual and group sessions accepting and non-judgmental therapist is needed Hebelieves the therapy needs must recognize that there are noabsolutes The therapist must focus on how the patient observe them Linehan Tutek Heard and Armstrong assigned to eitherdialectic behavior therapy or a treatment-as-usual Scale andtended to rate themselves such as lithium carbonate carbamazepine and selectiveserotonin are preferable to tricyclic antidepressants because of theirlow important for a better prognosis higherscore interpersonal functioning individual and group therapy to outside the hospital setting extending the therapeutic relationship into copewith the everyday stresses of life and teach them how to cope realistically with the stresses situations and ability to havesatisfying interpersonal abnormally strong drivefor attachment Patients may such astherapists an unusually intense fear of patient's problem arises from thedevelopmental arrest of the when thepatient is faced with the separation-individuation stresses that thetherapist is a different entity This transference fortherapists to maintain neutrality in treating borderline P Dulit R A Mann J html Corelli R J Borderline personality disorder Available Dx personality disorder now what Patient Care pp The longitudinal profile of borderlinepersonality disorder contributions treatment patients clinicians must'observe without judgement Behavioral Health Treatment If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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