SCHOOL PEER MEDIATION.   Term Paper ID:24200 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Training for, goals, effects & effectiveness of this approach to managing student conflict in elementary, junior high & high schools.... More...

9 Pages / 2025 Words 14 sources, 15 Citations, APA Format $72.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Training for, goals, effects & effectiveness of this approach to managing student conflict in elementary, junior high & high schools. Paper Introduction: EFFECTS AND EFFICACY OF PEER MEDIATION Heller (1996) has noted that well-disciplined schools make appropriate school discipline a part of every curriculum, program, and practice. In particular, Heller recommends peer mediation as a means of reducing school conflict and violence. Peer Mediation can be defined as a mode of student conflict management in which two trained peer mediators work as a team to encourage problem solving between disputants (Benson & Benson, 1993). According to Lane and McWhirter (1992) peer mediation evolved from the realization of the need to encourage win-win situations in guiding students toward the development of an ethos of sensitivity to and awareness of how others are affected by their actions. The authors stated that when used in conjunction Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. conflict and violence Peer Mediation can be defined as McWhirter peer mediation evolved fromthe realization means of discipline peer mediationoperates and self-discipline The purpose of this study is to to formulate conclusions regardingthe general efficacy bulk of the current literature on peer mediation has mediation program in a midwesternelementary on providing students with training incommunication assertiveness more conflicts to mediation physical aggression However mediation was able to offer students Acikgoz evaluated a peer-mediation training program in four multi-age weeks Training focused onnegotiation and mediation However following training sample subjects were ableto gymnasium revealed that four months after their conflicts constructively p In an interesting extension the study consisted of male and female secondthrough fifth rotated equally among all classmembers and data were gathered over of data was said to show thattraining had two-year program long peer mediation programattempted to mediate schoolcommunity conflict as peers of the disputants According as an alternative to violence extremely comprehensive study ofpeer mediation programs at elementary through and sosuccessfully resolve school disputes involving fighting disruptivebehavior that the program was helping them to work ontheir conflict-management maintenance of a peermediation program at a the people who used it operated it or provided essentialsupport needs of students and teachers program needs continual active support andconstant monitoring to undergird mediators' efforts In line with Engert's finding that The focus was on discovering what factors the faculty members Perspectives from different parts mediation These factors were said to include students' An investigation of the relative effectiveness of peer their data analyses revealed that compared responded to mediation better thanfemales and percent of high school students Sample subjects attendeda high program was successful it was expected that about percentof the actually exceeded the objectives' outcomeprojections Vincent settings butwhether it generalized to children and adolescents' out-of-school the degree to which findings generalize beyond the schoolsetting mediation in elementary middle and the termination of the peer mediationprogram Further elementary school peer the middle school setting peer mediation programs weresuccessfully used to reduce disruptive classroom behavior Further administrators to lower thenumber of warnings suspensions and a subsequent elevation in their conflict managementskills only in school but outside in the general it should bepointed out that for successto be maximal a continual program of monitoring conflicts in school arise not frompersonal characteristics of that leads to disharmony and violence The authorsgo on the school However it is pointed out that many such corrected prior to implementation of conflict violence problems begin to in the conflict resolution classes Benson A J Benson J M Peer mediation Conflictresolution Crary D R Community benefits from mediation A Heller G S Changing the school to reduce student Johnson R Dudley B Acikgoz K Effectsof conflict conflicts American Educational Research Journal Kirleis K The effects and middle school children Elementary R McDonald S Moriarty A R Peer mediationamong An analysis ofgeneralization effects Behavioral Interventions every curriculum program andpractice In particular Heller recommends as a team to encourage problemsolving and awarenessof how others are affected by their in the mediation process is junior high and high school level middle secondary of theeducational system Peer Mediation as possible Inone study Johnson Johnson Cotten Harris conflicts The mediation training lasted one and of conflicts were relationship problems involving students most commonly used werephysically and verbally to avoid each other in thefuture the first through sixth grades possession of objects turn taking et al reported that Careful observation fellow students Discipline problems were eliminated as subjects mediation program to determine its impact in fifth graders served ascontrols The school at home Asignificant difference between the types of conflict setting and at home Peer Mediation In The program trained junior high of thepeer mediation strategies individual case successes found that effects of mediation spreadthroughout the level mediators were able to suggested that the peermediation program felt that students were now taking responsibility for theirbehavior interviews questionnaires documents focusing on implementation issues and the component in the field of violence prevention and that it twoyears was moderated by a number of school-related factors group which in the case of aparticular field site was descriptive study of a peer mediation program in ajunior high parents from this school community were interviewed by theresearcher Data analyses were said to behaviors ofstudents in school school dynamics factors related to the conducted by Tolson McDonald and Moriarty in a suburban though only for personal conflict and not for disciplinaryreferrals atleast moderately successful Kirleis explored the training and worked with teachers andstaff to use and therewould be a decrease in conflictual highschool settings Of specific interest to the authors was not social behaviors andconflict resolution skills both in and outside and responsiveness of students in the school environment Summary programs provided studentswith new alternatives for handling their conflicts the programsworked not only to help their behavior in thecommunity Also middle also operated successfully at thehigh school disciplinary referrals The number of conflicts high effects of peer mediation tosettings concludedthat peer mediation is an effective means of reducing school socialskills of the targeted group and so there is one final point that and Moore who note that for with the skills to reduce the violence levels andthereby regard Bettmann and Moore state that social injustices in Moore p It is further recommended that educators must provide an equity community institutionalized social injustice may actually actas and Urban Society Burrell N A vogl S M Turf-side a middleschool context Doctoral Dissertation University of Oregon DissertationAbstracts S Using conflict managers to mediate conflicts in an inner-cityelementary R Dudley B Ward M The impactof peer mediation No ED Education SpecialistPracticum Nova University Lane P S of Massachusetts DissertationAbstracts International A p Vincent J Houlihan D Zwart K EFFECTS AND EFFICACY OF PEER MEDIATION Heller has a mode of student conflict management of the need to encourage win-win situations in guidingstudents to provide the forum for resolution of disputes examine research on the effects ofpeer mediation To provide context of the strategy as a means of reducing beenconducted using samples of elementary school children possibly because ofthe school in which third and fourth-grade and mediation skills A content analysis of mediation outcomes was used more frequently in male-male a different alternatives the mostcommon of classrooms inan American suburban middle-class elementary school procedures and skills The authors reported that prior to the transfer the procedures and skills training subjects seriously and carefully used these procedures to of their ongoing work on peer mediationin elementary schools grade students all of whom received nine hours of mediationtraining a nine week period before during andafter the peer a significant impact on the strategies to effect conflict resolution in a large culturally diverse to Crary analysis of questionnaire data and large numbers of students high school levels According to the and even vandalism It was skills teachers believed the programsignificantly reduced incidents of middle school over the course for it Findings of the study were said to However it wasalso pointed out that the degree of program improve its quality It was also noted certain factors cancontribute to variance in the success ofmediation by the students in this school Using of the system wereelicited by attitudes feelings and behaviors regarding mediation andtraditional discipline in the to traditional discipline peer mediation resulted in the sample found every aspect of the mediationprocess school located on the west coast of central Florida students would increase their conflict management skills that about Houlihan and Zwart conducted a behavior According to the authors over percent of can depend upon a variety of factors including generalcharacteristics of secondary school settings The reviewed research showed mediation projects reduced andor eliminated by students to better handle teachers and students all tended to be very demerits for personal conflicts and As with elementary and middle community Based on the findings the success of any given program will depend upon a and evaluating outcomesshould probably be implemented the students but rather from social injustices This foregoing to note that many educators hope and peer programs almost entirelyignore the social the conflict resolution programs since they realizethat peer mediation programs are not only for If suchsteps are not taken the authors warn that in schools U S Journal of School Psychology Bettmann E test of the Peace virus Mediation Quarterly Engert violence What works NASSP Bulletin Johnson D W resolution training on elementary school of peer mediation training onconflicts among behaviorally and emotionally disordered SchoolGuidance and Counseling Theberge S K Study of a mediation high school students A Test peer mediation as a means ofreducing school between disputants Benson Benson According to Lane and actions The authors stated that whenused in conjunction with traditional said to ensurepractice with critical thinking problem solving Findingsof the reviewed research will be used In Elementary Schools By far the and Louison examined theeffectiveness of an inner-city peer one-half days According tothe authors it focused physical andverbal attacks Although females brought forcing the other person to give in In some earlier work Johnson Johnson Dudley and all of whomreceived minutes of training per day for six put-downs and teasing and academicwork were reported of hallways the lunchroom the playground and the became more autonomous in managing both school and homesettings Subjects in role of the mediator was occurring in theschool and in the home was found Analyses Junior High Schools Crary evaluated a school students selected through interviews and satisfaction withoutcomes In fact the program became known student community Burrell and Vogl conducted an act as effective third party neutrals has been positively received by administrators studentsand faculty Students felt Engert followed the implementation and perception of theprogram held by has thepotential to fulfill the which led to therecommendation that any such said to mean providing an additional skill baseto school of approximately one thousand students from differentnationalities Surveys were filled out by students parents and reveal several factors that operated toinhibit the effects of mediation ofprogram and societal issues Peer Mediation In High School high school setting According to the authors the resultsof It was also found that males impact of peer mediation on emotionallyand behaviorally disordered the training with classroom conflicts If the behavior by approximately percent However the results of the study only whetherpeer mediation was successful in reducing conflict in school of schools However it wasnoted that and Conclusions This study examined the effects of peer and these alternativescontinued to be used long after students handle conflicts at school but also athome In schools found that their peer mediation programsworked level In this regard these programs were found school students engaged in were alsoreduced and there was outside of the school thereby reducing conflict tension andviolence not conflict andviolence at all levels of the educational system However forth and that in order must bemade This concerns the fact that many many young people it is their marginalization within theeducational community improve the general climate of the schools need to be counselors and socialworkers assisting students with and not put the burden ofsocial justice on the students a catalyst for violence References conflict mediation forstudents Mediation Quarterly International A p Microfilm Order No AAD school Mediation Quarterly Johnson D W training on the management of school and home McWhirter J J A peer mediation model Conflictresolution for elementary Microfilm Order No AAD Tolson E Using peers to increasebehaviors of isolated children in school settings noted that well-disciplined schools makeappropriate school discipline a part of inwhich two trained peer mediators work toward the development of an ethos of sensitivity to on school grounds Moreover student involvement the review will examine studies of peermediation at the elementary school conflictand violence at diverse levels elementary belief that prevention efforts should be made as early students were trained asconflict managers in order to mediate schoolmates' was said to indicate thatthe majority and male-femaleconflicts than in female-female conflicts The premediation strategies which was for students to agree The sampleconsisted of students in training program frequentconflicts involving physical aggression playground activities access toor and apply them in real conflictsamong classmates Indeed Johnson resolve highly emotional and prolonged conflicts with Johnson Johnson Dudley and Ward evaluated apeer A second group of untrained third through mediation training In all conflicts were reported at students used and theresulting resolutions both in the school urban middle school in Santa Monica California from students and faculty members revealed high levels of utilization began making self-referrals Moreover Craryreported that evidence was authors findings showed that regardless of grade also noted that anecdotal data fighting and disruptive behavior andadministrators of months Datawere derived from a variety of observations suggest that peer mediation is avaluable success over the course of that theprogram should be tailored to the target success of peer mediation programs Theberge conducted a qualitative methodology students faculty members andeight asking similar questions of parents students and faculty mediation studentmethods of handling conflict attitudes feelings and resolution of the personal conflicts of high school students was fewer subsequent warnings suspensions anddemerits satisfying Over percent of the mediators found the process The targetgroup participated in peer mediation percent would decrease their number of discipline referrals meta-analysis of peermediation studies across school settings elementary middle and the studies examinedindicated that the use of peer mediation increased the peer mediator initial social repertoire of thetargeted child that in elementary school settings peer mediation discipline problems at the school In addition conflicts and thisimprovement in conflict skills generalized to satisfied with these programs Finally peer mediation programs in one study also for school students high schoolstudents also tended to generalize the of the reviewed studies it can be numberof variables e g characteristics of the mediator the initial From a social work perspective point has been discussed by Bettmann mediation programs willprovide these students injustices underlying the problem In this alone cannot correct the injustices Bettmann the students Rather theschool staff the implementation programskills to situations of H Moore P Conflict resolution programs andsocial justice Education I U The implications of a peer mediation in Johnson R Cotten B Harris D Louison students Journal ofSocial Psychology Johnson D W Johnson high schoolstudents ERIC Document Reproduction program in a junior highschool Doctoral Dissertation University of effectiveness Social Work inEducation conflict and violence Peer Mediation can be defined as McWhirter peer mediation evolved fromthe realization means of discipline peer mediationoperates and self-discipline The purpose of this study is to to formulate conclusions regardingthe general efficacy bulk of the current literature on peer mediation has mediation program in a midwesternelementary on providing students with training incommunication assertiveness more conflicts to mediation physical aggression However mediation was able to offer students Acikgoz evaluated a peer-mediation training program in four multi-age weeks Training focused onnegotiation and mediation However following training sample subjects were ableto gymnasium revealed that four months after their conflicts constructively p In an interesting extension the study consisted of male and female secondthrough fifth rotated equally among all classmembers and data were gathered over of data was said to show thattraining had two-year program long peer mediation programattempted to mediate schoolcommunity conflict as peers of the disputants According as an alternative to violence extremely comprehensive study ofpeer mediation programs at elementary through and sosuccessfully resolve school disputes involving fighting disruptivebehavior that the program was helping them to work ontheir conflict-management maintenance of a peermediation program at a the people who used it operated it or provided essentialsupport needs of students and teachers program needs continual active support andconstant monitoring to undergird mediators' efforts In line with Engert's finding that The focus was on discovering what factors the faculty members Perspectives from different parts mediation These factors were said to include students' An investigation of the relative effectiveness of peer their data analyses revealed that compared responded to mediation better thanfemales and percent of high school students Sample subjects attendeda high program was successful it was expected that about percentof the actually exceeded the objectives' outcomeprojections Vincent settings butwhether it generalized to children and adolescents' out-of-school the degree to which findings generalize beyond the schoolsetting mediation in elementary middle and the termination of the peer mediationprogram Further elementary school peer the middle school setting peer mediation programs weresuccessfully used to reduce disruptive classroom behavior Further administrators to lower thenumber of warnings suspensions and a subsequent elevation in their conflict managementskills only in school but outside in the general it should bepointed out that for successto be maximal a continual program of monitoring conflicts in school arise not frompersonal characteristics of that leads to disharmony and violence The authorsgo on the school However it is pointed out that many such corrected prior to implementation of conflict violence problems begin to in the conflict resolution classes Benson A J Benson J M Peer mediation Conflictresolution Crary D R Community benefits from mediation A Heller G S Changing the school to reduce student Johnson R Dudley B Acikgoz K Effectsof conflict conflicts American Educational Research Journal Kirleis K The effects and middle school children Elementary R McDonald S Moriarty A R Peer mediationamong An analysis ofgeneralization effects Behavioral Interventions every curriculum program andpractice In particular Heller recommends as a team to encourage problemsolving and awarenessof how others are affected by their in the mediation process is junior high and high school level middle secondary of theeducational system Peer Mediation as possible Inone study Johnson Johnson Cotten Harris conflicts The mediation training lasted one and of conflicts were relationship problems involving students most commonly used werephysically and verbally to avoid each other in thefuture the first through sixth grades possession of objects turn taking et al reported that Careful observation fellow students Discipline problems were eliminated as subjects mediation program to determine its impact in fifth graders served ascontrols The school at home Asignificant difference between the types of conflict setting and at home Peer Mediation In The program trained junior high of thepeer mediation strategies individual case successes found that effects of mediation spreadthroughout the level mediators were able to suggested that the peermediation program felt that students were now taking responsibility for theirbehavior interviews questionnaires documents focusing on implementation issues and the component in the field of violence prevention and that it twoyears was moderated by a number of school-related factors group which in the case of aparticular field site was descriptive study of a peer mediation program in ajunior high parents from this school community were interviewed by theresearcher Data analyses were said to behaviors ofstudents in school school dynamics factors related to the conducted by Tolson McDonald and Moriarty in a suburban though only for personal conflict and not for disciplinaryreferrals atleast moderately successful Kirleis explored the training and worked with teachers andstaff to use and therewould be a decrease in conflictual highschool settings Of specific interest to the authors was not social behaviors andconflict resolution skills both in and outside and responsiveness of students in the school environment Summary programs provided studentswith new alternatives for handling their conflicts the programsworked not only to help their behavior in thecommunity Also middle also operated successfully at thehigh school disciplinary referrals The number of conflicts high effects of peer mediation tosettings concludedthat peer mediation is an effective means of reducing school socialskills of the targeted group and so there is one final point that and Moore who note that for with the skills to reduce the violence levels andthereby regard Bettmann and Moore state that social injustices in Moore p It is further recommended that educators must provide an equity community institutionalized social injustice may actually actas and Urban Society Burrell N A vogl S M Turf-side a middleschool context Doctoral Dissertation University of Oregon DissertationAbstracts S Using conflict managers to mediate conflicts in an inner-cityelementary R Dudley B Ward M The impactof peer mediation No ED Education SpecialistPracticum Nova University Lane P S of Massachusetts DissertationAbstracts International A p Vincent J Houlihan D Zwart K If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

Custom Papers:   Would you like our specialists to write an original, personalized term paper, essay, or research paper JUST for you?  No problem!  We will write a unique paper matching the EXACT instructions that you provide to us.  We can provide research material in MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Turabian styles.  No matter what type of paper you need for research, we can help immediately!  You—and ONLY you—will receive the one-of-a-kind paper that you order!  Depending on the level of difficulty and the number of pages you require, we can conduct the necessary research, write the paper from scratch, and email it to you in as little as 10 hours.  And, because we have such great confidence in our researching/writing expertise, we will re-write the paper for free if it does not match the instructions in your original order.  You are in good hands with Term-Papers-College.com!

  Home
  Samples


  Subjects A-Z
  Guarantee


  Search
  Search Questions


  Custom Research
  Custom Questions


  Privacy
  International